摘要
"栋"和"幢"作为量词义项在现代汉语使用中出现混用的情况。根据原型范畴理论,通过考察语源的历时演变和从抽象概括发展引申并逐渐产生量词义项的过程,重点论述二者作为量词义项修饰建筑名词的异同,进而得出:"栋"用于称量有完整的独立构架结构的建筑,"幢"用于称量在相应范围内不可分割、有相同功能或者外观且可能包括不同结构和层次的建筑;"栋"和"幢"作为量词义项时,两者在一定范围内互用,但是"幢"使用的范围更广;"幢"更倾向于书面语而"栋"更倾向于口语;由于语言的经济原则,出现"一栋"和"一幢"混用的现象时,人们在语言选择上倾向于使用"一栋"。
＂ 栋 ＂and ＂ 幢 ＂are often mixed up in using as quantifiers. Based on the investigation of diachronic development in etymology and establishment of their quantifier items from original abstraction of ＂栋 ＂and＂幢 ＂with prototype theory and the exposition of their differences as quantifier in modifying buildings, a conclusion can be made that ＂ 栋 ＂collocates buildings with complete and independent frame while ＂幢 ＂with inseparable structure in certain bound, similar function or appearance and possibly different frames or floors; ＂ 栋 ＂and ＂ 幢 ＂can be mutually borrowed while ＂ 幢 ＂is more widely used; ＂ 幢 ＂is often seen in written language while ＂ 栋 ＂in spoken; people prefer the former in the mix use of＂一栋 ＂and＂一幢 ＂due to the principle of economy in linguistics.
关键词
栋
幢
语源
辨析
etymology
analysis
