摘要
马克思劳动解放理论的基础既不是《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的异化逻辑,也不是《德意志意识形态》中的分工理论,而是资本主义机器大生产。脱离了这一点,将无法准确理解劳动与自由的辩证法。然而,在机器大生产的定位上,《政治经济学批判大纲》和《资本论》又存在重要差异。在前一著作中,马克思并没有建立科学的劳动二重性理论,而是基于直接劳动来阐述机器大生产的哲学效应,并由此论证了资本主义崩溃和劳动解放的可能性,这整个逻辑还存在重要缺陷。而《资本论》则全面克服了《政治经济学批判大纲》的不足,建立了科学的机器大生产理论。也是在此基础上,马克思诠释了劳动解放的双重内涵,不仅揭示了劳动从资本关系中解放出来的现实基础,而且也诠释了劳动从手段变为目的的可能性,厘清了必然王国与自由王国的辩证关系,颠覆了贬低劳动或仅仅将劳动理解为手段的西方哲学-经济学传统。
Marx's theory of labor liberation is based on neither the logic of alienation in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 nor the division of labor in The German Ideology but rather capitalism's machinery of largescale production,which is a necessary precondition for precisely understanding the dialectics of labor and freedom. However,when it comes to the machinery of large-scale production,there are some significant differences between Capital and the Grundrisse. In the earlier book,Marx's theory of the two-fold character of labor was not yet mature; as a result,his arguments on the collapse of capitalism and the possibility of labor liberation still had certain theoretical defects, which were only overcome and transcended in Capital.Accordingly,Marx clarified the foundation and possibility of liberating labor from both capital and material production,and pointed out the dialectical relationship between the realm of necessity and that of freedom.Moreover,Marx overturned the tradition in Western philosophy and political economy of belittling labor or considering it only as a means to an end.
出处
《哲学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第9期11-18,128,共8页
Philosophical Research
基金
全国优秀博士学位论文作者专项资金资助项目"<资本论>的哲学思想及其当代效应研究"(编号201401)
国家社会科学基金项目"<资本论>及其手稿中的历史唯物主义思想再研究"(编号12CZX002)的阶段性成果
