摘要
根据岳麓秦简《徭律》和前辈学者的研究成果,可知"徭"具有特定指向。秦"徭"制是指官府强制傅籍之"黔首"服劳役(或曰苦役)的制度,因而不能将"徭"与"徭役"、"力役"与"兵役"等概念混淆。秦简中尽管出现了"徒隶行(徭)课"、"舂城旦出(徭)者"和"行繇奴繇=役"等有关"(徭)"的史料,但这些史料并不能证明秦"徒隶"所服之"徭"为秦法律意义上之"徭"。秦简所见"居吏柀使(徭)"等简文不是"吏徭"为秦法律意义上之"徭"的根据,"吏徭"也不是"职役"、"厮役"或"吏役"的代名词。秦"奴徭"和"吏徭"显然不是"徭",这是因为,无论从广义还是狭义上理解,"奴徭"和"吏徭"皆不完全符合秦法律意义上之"徭"所必备的三个条件:一是傅籍之"黔首"身分;二是傅籍"黔首"由县廷下辖之列曹管理,尤其是"户曹";三是傅籍"黔首"所服之"徭"为劳役(或曰苦役)。
According to the Corvée Law recorded on the Yue Lu bamboo slips of the Qin Dynasty and the research results of the senior scholars,the ＂corvée＂has a specific meaning. The ＂corvée＂in the Qin Dynasty refers to the institution of the government＇s forcing ＂the common people＂of Fu Ji to work without pay. In no way can we confuse ＂corvée＂with ＂compulsory Labor＂,＂doing physical work＂,and ＂conscript service＂. The ＂corvée＂appears in the bamboo slips of the Qin Dynasty and other historical materials,but these historical data cannot prove that the Qin ＂slaves＂service is the＂corvée＂of the legal meaning in the Qin Dynasty.＂Official corvée＂is not ＂corvée ＂. This is because both ＂slave corvée ＂ and ＂official corvée ＂ are not in conformity with three conditions of＂corvée＂stipulated in legal provisions. One is the identity of＂the common people＂of Fu Ji; the second is that people must be managed by many Caos under the jurisdiction of the county court,especially the household registration Cao; the third is that people must work without pay.
出处
《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第4期92-101,共10页
Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金项目:"碑刻文献与东汉官制研究"(13BZS019)
"简牍与战国土地制度研究"(14AZS003)
黑龙江省哲学社会科学基金项目:"秦汉财政与社会控制研究"(14D070)
关键词
岳麓秦简
“徭”制
奴徭
吏徭
Yue Lu bamboo slips of the Qin Dynasty
corvée institution
slave corvée
official corvée
