摘要
为进一步了解京津冀区域空气污染状况与工业排放、气象条件的相互关系,运用统计分析方法,使用环保部2014年空气质量日报数据对京津冀地区13个城市空气质量指数（Air Quality Index,简称AQI）、首要污染物的时空分布特征进行了分析,并与各城市的城市建设、经济发展、工业排放及相应时段主要气象因子的影响进行了对比分析。结果表明：总体上,2014年京津冀地区空气质量呈北优南劣分布,即北部优于中部、中部优于南部。京津冀地区空气质量以良和轻度污染的天数居多,其中位于北部的张家口、承德和秦皇岛3市空气质量最好,优良的天数达到67%-86%;北京、天津的占46%,保定、衡水和邢台的仅占23%。各城市AQI具有相似的季节变化特征,1-2月AQI值最大,9月份达到最小,10月份起AQI开始回升。各市首要污染物1-3月、7月、9-12月以PM（2.5）为主,4、5月以PM（10）和PM（2.5）为主,6、8月以O3为主。影响京津冀地区的首要污染物来源不同,北京市、河北省分别以机动车尾气排放和燃煤排放为主,天津以工业二氧化硫排放及燃煤影响显著。各地空气质量的首要污染物多为原地生成。秋冬季节空气污染加重与燃煤用量加大、静稳天气增多关系密切;而春夏季节空气污染减轻依赖于风力加大、降水频繁、大气不稳定等气象因素。机动车尾气、工业排放、燃煤排放、人口数量等因素与空气污染关系密切,气象条件（风、雨、不稳定大气层结等）对空气污染扩散起着重要作用。
To investigate the relationship between air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the industrial emission and meteorological condition,daily air quality monitoring data issued by the Environmental Monitoring Division of China was used to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of Air Quality Index（ AQI） and primary pollutant in 13 cities by statistical method. Meanwhile the effect of city construction,economic development,industrial emission and major meteorological factors was also analyzed. The analysis showed that： generally in 2014 the air quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was better in north than south. In most of the days during the year it was either moderate or lightly polluted. Three cities in the north,Zhangjiakou,Chengde and Qinhuangdao,had the best air quality with67 %-86 % days either good or moderate. That number in Beijing and Tianjin was 46% while 23% in Baoding,Hengshui and Xingtai. The AQI in all cities had similar seasonal variation： AQI was the largest in January and February,smallest in September and started to climb in October. The primary pollutant was PM（2.5）in January to March,July and September to December. The primary pollutant was PM（10） and PM（2.5）in April and May. The primary pollutant was O3 in June and August. The main sources of the primary pollutant in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region varied in different cities： vehicle exhaust emission and coal-fired emission in Beijing and Hebei,industrial SO2 emission and coal-fired emission in Tianjin. Most of the primary pollutant was generated locally. The increased pollution in Autumn and Winter had a tight connection with the increased use of coal and increased stable atmosphere day. The decreased pollution in Spring and Summer was because of the heavy wind,more precipitation and increased unstable atmosphere day.The vehicle exhaust emission,industry emission,coal-fired emission and population quantity had a tight connection with air pollution,while the meteorological conditions（ wind,precipitation,unstable atmosphere） played an important role in air pollution diffusion.
出处
《气象与环境科学》
2016年第1期34-42,共9页
Meteorological and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金"华东地区农作物残茬燃烧气候特征及对大气环境和辐射收支影响"(41475138)资助
关键词
京津冀区域
空气质量指数
首要污染物
风速
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region
Air Quality Index
primary pollutant
wind speed
