摘要
近百年来,全球气候变化呈现出变暖的主要特征,气候变化所带来的影响日趋严重,其所造成的经济损失在全球范围内显著上升。适应气候变化是现阶段应对气候变化行动的重要方面,适应气候变化的技术分类研究是清晰认识适应气候变化的基础,是实现适应技术集成并构建合理有效的适应技术体系的手段。本文通过对适应气候变化技术分类问题的分析,提出了不同的适应气候变化技术分类方式,气候变化影响过程、区域、领域、适应目的、适应机制、适应时效、适应程度、适应层面等,针对气候变化及其影响梳理了中国不同区域与不同领域的适应气候变化技术清单。从气候变化影响过程来看,可以将适应气候变化技术分为气候变化影响发生前、发生过程中、发生后三类;从区域与领域气候变化影响来看,可以将适应气候变化技术分为八大区域与七大领域;本研究重点针对八大区域与农业、水资源、生态环境三大领域进行了分析。通过研究发现,现阶段适应气候变化技术分类研究尚存在一些问题,适应气候变化技术分类的导向不明确,造成对适应技术认识的不清晰;适应气候变化技术的分类往往与分层混淆在一起,导致人们对适应气候变化技术的认识和理解出现偏差;适应气候变化技术分类对适应行动的指导作用存在不足。综合来看,对适应气候变化技术进行精细分类,可以为适应气候变化技术的筛选、集成、效益评估奠定基础,推进适应气候变化行动高效有序开展,为适应气候变化技术体系构建提供支撑。
In the past 100 years,there is an obvious trend of global warming in the whole world. The effects brought by climate change becomes much severer in many sectors,for example,the shortage of water resources,degradation of ecosystem,sea level rise,glacier ablation,desertification,vector borne diseases and so on. The economic loss caused by climate change is rising apparently. Adaptation to climate change is an important aspect to cope with climate change problems at the present stage. Classifications of adaptation technologies to climate change are the foundation of full understanding of adaptation to climate change,which are the important measure of integrating and establishing effective adaptation technologies system to climate change. Based on the analysis of classification of adaptation to climate change,different classification patterns of adaptation technologies are proposed and summarized,for example,according to process of climate change,regions,sectors,purpose,mechanism,timeliness,degree,level and so on. Lists of adaptation technologies to climate change from different regions and sectors are established based on impact of climate change. Based on process of climate change,the adaptation technologies could be classified into three categories,such as before climate change,through climate change and after climate change. Based on regions and sectors,the adaptation technologies could be classified into 8 regions and 7sectors. In this research,8 regions are crossed with 3 sectors,including agriculture,water resources and ecosystem environment.According to research,there are several problems in the research on classification of adaptation technologies. First,the guidance of classification is not clear which leads to the ambiguous cognition. Second,the classification and layering are considered to be the same,which cause confusion of adaptation technologies. Third,the guidance to adaptation actions is not enough. In summary,classification of adaptation technologies to climate change could provide foundation for the choosing,integrating and benefit assessment of adaptation technologies. It could promote the action of adaptation to climate change in future,and establish a solid base for constructing the technology system of adaptation to climate change.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期18-26,共9页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目"北方重点地区适应气候变化技术开发与应用"(编号:2013BAC09B00)
农业部重点项目"中国农业适应气候变化关键技术引进"(编号:2011-G9)
关键词
气候变化
适应技术
分类
影响评估
climate change
adaptation technologies
classification
impact assessment
