摘要
目的对比研究6种 β-内酰胺类抗菌药物泰宁(TIN)、卡贝宁(CBN)、哌拉西林(PIP)、美洛西林(MZL)、头孢哌酮(CPZ)和头孢地嗪(CDZM)对2种G-杆菌大肠埃希氏菌和绿脓假单胞菌的抗生素后效应(PAE)。方法采用AVANTAGE全自动分析仪 ,应用光密度法测定PAE。结果与结论美洛西林对大肠埃希氏菌的PAE为负值或零 ,对绿脓假单胞菌的PAE很小 ,仅在4MIC时PAE达1h左右 ;哌拉西林对大肠埃希氏菌和绿脓假单胞菌的PAE均很小 ,即使在4MIC时PAE也仅有0.3h左右。在4MIC以下时 ,PAE与浓度依赖性不甚明显。头孢哌酮和头孢地嗪除了在4MIC时对大肠埃希氏菌的PAE可达1h外 ,其余PAE均很短 ,甚至没有 ,但随着抗菌药物浓度的增加 ,PAE显著增加(P<0.05) ,呈现部分浓度依赖性 ,提示在较高浓度下可望产生相对明显的PAE。一般β-内酰胺类抗菌药物对G-杆菌PAE较小 ,而泰宁和卡贝宁则较长。泰宁和卡贝宁的PAE要显著长于其它4种抗菌药物(P<0.05) ,两药对大肠埃希氏菌和绿脓假单胞菌的PAE均可达到1～3h ,同时卡贝宁的PAE要显著长于泰宁。即使在1倍MIC时 ,PAE亦显著长于其它4种药物 ,而在4倍MIC时则更长。两药对G -杆菌的PAE在1/2至4倍MIC浓度间呈显著的浓度依赖性。
Aim The postantibiotic effects (PAEs) induced by Tienam (TIN), Carberin(CBN), Piperacillin (PIP), Mezlocillin (MZL), Cefoperazone(CPZ) and Cefodizime (CDZM) against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated. Methods PAEs were determined by spectrophotometric method. Results PAEs induced by MZL, PIP, CPZ and CDZM against escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were rather short(<1h). No PAEs or negative PAEs were even found in the results of MZL against Escherichia coli. In genaral, β-lactam antibiotics induced very short PAEs against Gram-negative bacilli. However, PAEs (1～3h) induced by TIN and CBN were markedly longer than those by the other four β-latams. PAEs induced by CBN were significant longer than longer than that induced by TIN. PAEs induced by CBN and CBN were obviously concentration-dependent. Conclusion The results suggested there were multiple mechanisms for PAEs induced by β-lactams. The features of TIN and CBN should be emphasized when they are individually used to define drug dosing intervals in clinic.
关键词
Β-内酰胺类抗生素
G^-杆菌
抗生素后效应
PAEs
tienam
carbenin
piperacillin
mezlocillin
cefoperazone
cefodizime
spectrophotometric method
