摘要
提供公平且有效的民生性公共服务是现代政府理应履行的基本职责。本文利用DEA非参数方法测度了2007—2012年间我国省级地方政府的公共服务效率,结果发现,我国地方政府公共服务效率呈现出整体偏低、趋势改善和区域异质等多维特征事实。在此基础上,运用面板Tobit模型经验研究中国特殊分权体制框架下的公众参与对地方政府公共服务效率的潜在影响。研究表明,中国现有的财政分权体制显著降低了地方政府对公共服务的供给效率,而引入公众参与机制却能够有效改善地方政府公共服务效率,这种改善效应即便在财政充分自主的地区也不会受到削弱。上述发现意味着,在现有财政分权体制下建构公众参与的制度基础,将有助于改善地方政府公共服务供给绩效,增进民生福利水平。
Providing fair and effective public service is the basic duty of modern government. Since the reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievements in the economy. However, compared with the rapid economic growth, people＇s livelihood development is relatively backward. So the Chinese government timely put forward the strategic objectives of coordinating the economic and social development, local governments at all levels have gradually expanded the public financial expenditure in the people＇s livelihood. Under the conditions of limited financial resources, we should not only expand the financial resources in public service areas, but also optimize the efficiency of financial resources. This paper analyzes local public services efficiency in Chinese provinces from 2007-2012 by using data envelopment analysis method（DEA）. The research shows that local public services efficiency have three basic characteristics. First, the overall level of the public services efficiency is low in China, there is still a big improvement space. During the sample period, the average public services efficiency is only 0. 766. Secondly, from the perspec- tive of time, the public services efficiency in China presents U type trend during the sample period, and the public services efficiency value has increased from 0. 777 in 2007 to 0. 742 in 2009, and then gradually increased to 0. 781 in 2012. Finally. from a regional comparison,the average efficiency of public services in the eastern region is the highest （0. 836）, followed by the eastern region （0. 826）, and the last is the western region （0. 653 ）. Based on analyzing the local public services efficiency, this paper investigates the impact of democratic participation on public services efficiency under the decentralization system. The result shows that fiscal decentralization significantly reduces the local public services efficiency. Because the nature of China＇s fiscal decentralization system has local and incomplete, which caused the soft budget constraints in the financial expenditure of local govern- ment. So as to encourage the local government to put more public resources to public investment with the growth effect, which has weakened the public services supply closely related to people＇s livelihood. But public participation can improve the efficiency of public services, this improvement effect will not be weakened even in the full fiscal autonomy regions. The influence of public participation on the local public services efficiency is mainly from two as- pects. First, public participation imposes an external constraint on local government, corrects the distorted expendi- ture structure of local government, and promptes the local government to increase public services supply. Second, public participation provides a channel to obtain public demand information for the local government, reduces the transaction costs in the process of public service supply, and enhances the scientific nature of local government de- cision-making. The relationship between democracy and people＇s livelihood is inseparable. Democratic political construction is the key to solve the problem of people＇s livelihood. The research conclusions shows that public participation is an effective tool for local government governance, which greatly improves the performance of local public services supply. To this end, we should focus on designing the system of public participation under the decentralized system, and actively cultivating healthy civil society in order to realize the multi center cooperative governance of public affairs.
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第1期177-187,共11页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"民生导向的政府公共服务绩效评价与改善研究"(12BGL119)
关键词
公共服务效率
财政分权
公众参与
民生改善
public services efficiency
fiscal decentralization
public participation
livelihood improvement
