摘要
【目的】研究在施磷量相等的条件下长期施用有机肥和化肥对潮土全磷、有效磷的演变的影响,为潮土地区农业生产和地力培育提供理论依据。【方法】以河南封丘的肥料长期定位试验(开始于1989年)为平台试验设置7个处理,即有机肥(OM)、1/2有机肥+1/2化肥(1/20M)、氮磷钾(NPK)、氮磷(NP)、磷钾(PK)、氮钾(NK)和不施肥处理(CK)分析比较了不同处理土壤的全磷、有效磷含量及两者比值的演变规律。【结果】所有施磷处理土壤全磷均与试验年份呈显著线性相关,1/2有机肥+1/2化肥、有机肥和氮磷钾处理土壤全磷年均增加量为0.0083、0.0081和0.011 g/kg;各处理2008~2010年3年平均土壤有效磷含量大小顺序为PK>OM>1/20M>NPK>NP>CK>NK施磷处理下试验进行的前11年土壤有效磷快速增加,以后达到稳定状态;有机肥处理和1/2有机肥+1/2化肥处理土壤有效磷与全磷的比值显著高于氮磷钾处理,试验20年后有机肥处理和1/2有机肥+1/2化肥处理有效磷/全磷是氮磷钾处理的1.9和1.4倍。磷素平衡与全磷及有效磷含量均达到了极显著相关相关系数分别为0.981和0.886。磷素盈亏每增加100 kg/hm2土壤全磷含量增加0.04 g/kg土壤有效磷含量增加约为2 mg/kg。试验20年后其他理化性质与土壤全磷、有效磷含量之间的相关关系均未达到显著水平。但土壤有机质和土壤全氮与有效磷/全磷的相关系数达到了显著水平,说明土壤有机质和全氮含量提高有利于土壤磷素的活化。【结论】土壤全磷和有效磷的演变都显著受磷素盈亏的影响。在每年P_2O_5投入量相当于135 kg/hm^2时施用化肥更加有利于潮土全磷含量的提高;经过21年的不同施肥处理,平衡施用化肥处理有效磷含量只能维持在7 mg/kg左右这一水平处于中低水平,依旧需要磷的投入才能维持作物的高产。施用有机肥可以在不增加施磷量的条件下增加作物可吸收利用的磷。因此减少施磷量增施有机肥可能成为潮土地区减肥增效的重要手段。
[Objectives]In order to provide theoretical basis for agricultural production and soil fertility improvement,this study tried to investigate effect of a long-term（1989-2010） compost and mineral fertilizer application on dynamics of soil phosphorus in the North China Plain under condition of equal input of phosphorus fertilizer.[Methods]The long-term experiment consisted of seven treatments,organic compost（OM）,halforganic compost plus half-NPK mineral fertilizer（1 /2OM）,NPK,NP,PK,NK,and control（CK）.Soil total P and available P under different fertilization treatments were determined,and then the ratios of available P to total P were calculated.Impact factors on the phosphorus dynamics were investigated.[Results]There was a significant positive linear correlation between the soil total P contents under the P applied treatments and the years of the experiment.The average annual increments of total P under the 1/2OM,OM and NPK treatments were 0.0083g/kg,0.0081 g/kg and 0.011 g/kg,respectively.The order of 2008-2010 average soil available P in the different fertilization treatments was PK 〉OM〉 1/20 M〉 NPK〉 NP〉 CK〉 NK.The soil available P contents were increased quickly in the first 11 years,while the available P contents were relatively stable in the latter 10 years.The ratios of available P to total P of OM and 1 /2 OM were significantly higher than that of NPK,and the ratios of OM and 1/2 OM were 1.9 and 1.4 times of that under NPK.The P balance was correlated significantly with total P and available P,and the correlation coefficients were 0.981 and 0.886,respectively.Each 100 kg/hm2 increase in the P balance associated with 0.04 g/kg in soil total P content and 2 mg/kg in available P content.Other soil physico-chemical properties such as organic matter did not significantly relate to total P and available P.However,soil organic matter and total N significantly related to the ratio of available P to total P.[Conclusions]The P balance had strong influence on dynamics of soil total P and available P.In comparison with the compost,the chemical fertilizer can improve accumulation of total P when the application amount of P fertilizer is P_2O_5 135 kg/hm2 per year.The available P content is about 7 mg/kg after 21 years mineral fertilizer application,and still unable to meet the requirement of crop growing.The compost application can activate soil P and increase the availability of soil P when the input of phosphorus fertilizer is equal.Therefore,increasing the compost portion in the total P input should be recommended to improve soil fertility and protect environment in the North China Plain.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第6期1514-1520,共7页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05050502
XDB15030302)
国家自然科学基金项目(40901107)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030-06)项目资助
关键词
潮土
全磷
有效磷
有机肥
化肥
磷素平衡
fluvo-aquic soil
total P
available P
compost
mineral fertilization
P balance
