摘要
急性灭鼠剂敌溴灵(Dixiulin)是溴甲灵(Bromethalin)的化学衍生物。它对靶动物和非靶动物均毒。急性口服LD_(50)和95%可信限是:大白鼠0.86(0.77～0.96)、小白鼠1.62(1.51～1.74)、白化黑线仓鼠1.93(1.19～3.12)、草原黄鼠0.31(0.24～0.40)、臭鼩1.16(0.81～1.67)、鸡6.68(5.18～8.63)和猫0.838～4.542mg/kg。动物中毒潜伏期长,症状反应轻。靶动物对该药接受性好。大、小白鼠摄食0.005～0.01%敌溴灵毒饵杀灭率为90～100%。接受亚致死量的大、小白鼠有轻微的蓄积中毒反应。蓄积中毒系数K值分別为5.06和19.2。在养鸡场、养猪场和农村居民住宅使用0.005%、0.015%和0.010%敌溴灵毒饵杀灭褐家鼠和小家鼠,灭鼠效果分别为91.24%、88.87%和82.98%。在草原使用0.005%、0.01%和0.02%敌溴灵小麦毒杀草原黄鼠,灭鼠率分别为52.30%、83.20%和90.00%。此药可做为现用急性灭鼠剂的替换药。
A acute rodenticide of Dixiulin (Desmethylbromethalin)derivated from Bromethalin was synthesized by our Institute in 1986, Chemical name is 2, 4-dinitro-N-(2, 4, 6-tribromophenyl )-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine. The appeaance of compound is a buff, odourless and tasteless crystalline material. It is a stable solid, under normal storage conditions with a melting point of 150～152C. It is soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water. Dixiulin is highly toxic to rodents, chicken and cats. The values of acute oral LD_(50) with 95% confidence limits(mg/kg)of Dixiulin against these animals are 0.86(0.77-0.96) for rats (Rattus norvegicus albino Wistar), 1.62 (1.51-1.74) mice (Mus musculus albino.) Shanghai), 1.90 (1.19-3.12) hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis albino Beijing), 0.31(1.24-0.40) ground squirrels (Citelins dauricus), 1.16 (0.86-1.67) shrew (Suncus murinus), 6.70 (5.80-9.00) chicken, 0.84～4.54 cats.
Dixiulin is acceptable to rats and mice at a concentration of 0.005-0.01% in bait. It is extremely effective against these two species. In two days no-choice feeding test these animals all were killed. In four days choice feeding test albino rats eompletely were killed, and the mortality of albino mice was 90～95%. When rodents were feeded sublethal doses of Dixiulin, the cumulating poisoning action was sligy. Its coefficient K for albino rats arid mice Were 5.06 and 19.2 respectively in lab.
The signs of toxicity of Dixiulin can be-classified into two groups dependind upon closes. In the case of doses which exceed the LD_(50), the signs of toxicity may occur tremors, convulsions. prostration with death occurring with in 36 hr. In the case of smaller doses the signs of toxicity become a kind leg weakness due to less of muscles tone, paralysis and lethargic. Death may result from respiratory failure.
Three field trials against Norway rat (Ruttus norvegicus)and house mouse (Mus musculus) were carried out with 0.005%, 0.01% and 0.015% Dixiulin baits. The population decline ware 91.25% 88.87% and 82.98% respectively. In grassland field trials against ground squirrel (Citillus dauricus) with 0.005%, 0.01% and 0.02% wheat baits, the population decline were 52.30%. 83.20% and 90.00% respectively with in 15 days.
出处
《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》
CAS
CSCD
1991年第3期193-198,共6页
Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control
关键词
敌溴灵
溴甲灵
鼠类
药效
Bromethalin Dixiulin (Desmethylbromethalin) Rodenticide Toxicity
