摘要
目的研究成人与儿童下呼吸道感染患者的病原菌分布及耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法选取2012年1月-2014年6月住院的成人与儿童下呼吸道感染患者为研究对象,成人组患者年龄21～65岁,儿童组患者年龄4～14岁,对比两组患者的病原菌分布及耐药性。结果成人与儿童患者感染病原菌均以革兰阴性菌为主,分别占74.1%、69.5%,革兰阳性菌分别为17.5%、23.2%;成人患者感染的主要革兰阴性菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率最低为〈15.0%,对阿米卡星、庆大霉素耐药率均〈35.0%,儿童感染的主要革兰阴性菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率均为0,对阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率均〈10.0%,对庆大霉素的耐药率均〈30.0%;成人感染的主要革兰阳性菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率〈35.0%,儿童感染的主要革兰阳性菌对左氧氟沙星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率均〈15.0%,对庆大霉素的耐药率均〈30.0%。结论成人与儿童下呼吸道感染的病原菌分布及其耐药性具有一定的差异性,医师应加强细菌培养和耐药性检测,有助于患者临床合理使用抗菌药物。
OBJECTIVE To study the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections in adult and pediatric patients in our hospital ,so as to provide references for rational use of antibiotics . METHODS Adults or children with low respiratory tract infections admitted from Jan .2012 to Jun .2014 were se‐lected as study objects .Adult group aged 21 to 65 and children group aged 4 to 14 .The pathogen distribution and drug resistance of the two groups were compared .RESULTS Gram‐negative bacteria were found to be the main cause of infections .Totally 74 .1% of adults were found to be infected by gram‐negative bacteria ,and 69 .5% of children .And 17 .5% of adults were found to be infected by gram‐positive bacteria ,and 23 .2% of children .In a‐dult group ,the drug resistance rate of gram‐negative bacteria to piperacillin/tazobactam was the lowest （less than 15 .0% ） ,and to amikacin and gentamicin ,it was less than 35 .0% .In the children group ,gram‐negative bacteria were found to be totally sensitive to cefoperazone and sulbactam ,and slightly resistant to amikacin ,piperacillin and tazobactam （less than 10 .0% ） and moderately resistant to gentamicin （less than 30 .0% ） .In adult group ,the drug resistance rate of gram‐positive bacteria to piperacillin/tazobactam was less than 35 .0% .And the drug rsis‐tance rates of gram‐positive bacteria to levofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam were less than 15 .0% ,followed by gentamicin with the rate less than 30 .0% .CONCLUSION Differences were found in the pathogen distribution and drug resistance between adults and children .Bacteria culture and drug resistance detection need to be strengthened to help clinical rational use of antibiotics for patients .
出处
《中华医院感染学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第20期4610-4612,共3页
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(30470877)
关键词
下呼吸道感染
病原菌
耐药性
Lower respiratory tract infection
Pathogen
Drug resistance
