摘要
本文从始祖鸟及(虫筳)类、轮藻等古生物门类的鉴定结果出发,以哲学中个性与共性的辩证关系为指导,探讨了现代生物学中居群概念的出现对古生物学建种的影响。作者以(虫筳)类Dunbarinella fivensis的12个建种标本为例,分析了其模式标本性状的变异范围,进而把以多个标本(样本)建种与以单个标本建种进行了各种可靠性对比。文章认为,对于古生物学中形态种的建立而言,用多个标本(样本)建种与用单个标本建种都分别具有它们各自的科学性与实际意义,但各自也都存在一定的不足之处,因而不能一概把用单个标本建种归入“物种不变论”的认识论而加以简单地否定,更不应该以“用多个标本建种总比用单个好”的常识概念来反对用单个标本建种。最后作者指出,建种的关键并不在于所据标本数目的多少,而在于如何科学地判断并正确地掌握所建新种具备的特殊而稳定的性状。
Based on the conclusions of identification of Archaeopteryx lithographica, Fusulinids and Charites, and the dialectic relation between individual and general characters in philosophy, this paper studies the influence of the concept of population in biology on the species-building in palaeontology.
The author takes 12 specimens of Fusulinid Dunbarinella fivensis as an example to analyse their variational limits. Then a comparison between the multi-specimen species-building and the single one is made in terms of the various reliabilities of species-building. The study points out that so far as the building of morphologic species in palaeontology is concerned, the two methods of species-building both possess their own scientific and practical significance and some shortcomings. Therefore, it is not correct to reject the single species-building as 'fixity of species'. And it is even more incorrect to deny the single species-building on the basis of the common knowledge that 'species-building by multi-specimens is always more reliable than that by single speciemen.' The author finally concludes that the key to a correct species-building lies in the sound judgment upon the unique characteristics of the prospect species but not the numbers of the specimens.
出处
《中国矿业大学学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1991年第4期87-92,共6页
Journal of China University of Mining & Technology
关键词
蜓类
标本
建种
可靠性
古生物
population, type specimen, reliability, species-building
