摘要
神灵主导了亚述人的精神世界,它们的旨意是统治者进行决策的重要依据;各种征兆被视为神灵的启示,而解读征兆的占卜活动是亚述人探寻神意的重要方式。亚述的占卜方式大致可分为占星、脏卜和梦占三大类。军队在亚述帝国的政治生活中扮演不可或缺的角色,军队的活动自然也就成为占卜的重要主题,从战争时机的选择、战争过程的探查到战争结局的预判等战争的各个重要环节都是占卜师关注的重点。亚述帝国的占卜行为不应被简单地斥为一种迷信活动,而应被视为统治者鼓舞军队士气的战前动员。
It was the gods that dominated the Assyrian spiritual world,and it was the wills of the gods that the rulers of this country mostly relied on for important decision- making. All sorts of signs were deemed divine revelations,so divination like sign interpretation was considered an important way in which the Assyrians searched for divine providence. The Assyrian divination methods can be roughly divided into three categories,namely,astrology,extispicy and dream interpretation. Armed forces played an indispensable role in the political life of the Assyrian Empire,so naturally army activities became a prominent divination theme. Almost every important link concerning wars,from the choice of war timing and the probe into war process to the prediction of war outcome was undoubtedly the focus of attention for soothsayers. Divination in the Assyrian Empire should not be simply dismissed as superstition,instead,it was a kind of wartime mobilization adopted by the rulers to enhance troop morale.
出处
《军事历史研究》
2015年第4期57-66,共10页
Military History Research
基金
2015年国家社科基金项目"古代两河流域的社会公正思想研究"(15BSS007)
关键词
亚述帝国
占卜
西亚古国
神灵
两河流域
Assyrian Empire
divination
ancient state in West Asia
gods
Mesopotamia
