摘要
解决国际协定的遵约困境,是保障国际公共产品供给的必要前提。阻碍遵约的因素不仅包括意愿也包括能力。供给国促使缺乏遵约能力的对象国让渡部分执法权,代其履行协定义务,是遵约困境的一种解决模式。与长期经济依赖和传统盟友关系相比,由节点事件导致的对象国对供给国的短期政治依赖,是促成执法权让渡的关键因素。而在对象国政治依赖降低,且没有第三方大国干涉的情况下,供给国可能单方面选择强制措施。在19世纪英国主导的国际反贩奴协定体系中,英国为解决与葡萄牙、西班牙、巴西和古巴等国间双边协定中的遵约困境,采取了外交劝服和单边强制等措施。因此,国际公共产品战略需超越以投资和援助为主的单一经济手段,协调运用多种政策工具。
Compliance with international agreements is a prerequisite for maintaining the provision of international public goods. The failure of compliance results not only from a lack of willingness,but also a lack of capacity. One of the solutions is for the provider state to compel states lacking sufficient capacity to transfer some of their jurisdictional power and act on the latter's behalf. In contrast to long-term economic dependence and traditional alliance relationship,short-term political dependence on the provider state is a more critical factor for the transfer of jurisdiction. On the other hand,when the political dependence of the target state decreases and there is no intervention by a third-party major power,the provider state could unilaterally use coercive measures. In the case of the U.K.-led international anti-slave system in the 19 thcentury,the U. K.used diplomatic persuasion,unilateral coercion,and acquiescence to solve the compliance problem vis-à-vis Portugal,Spain,Brazil,and Cuba. Therefore,the provision of international public goods should go beyond the sole reliance on economic means,such as investment and aid,and utilize multiple policy tools in a coordinated way.
出处
《国际政治研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第3期97-113,7,共17页
The Journal of International Studies
