摘要
针对中国北方草原区干旱频发的现实问题,采用统计学的方法,抽取了锡林浩特地区65户牧民家庭,进行入户的问卷调查.相关分析的结果表明:69.2%的牧民认识到干旱对其生产生活有影响;受教育程度(相关系数=0.302)、家庭人均收入(相关系数=0.404)和人均牲畜头数(相关系数=0.357)显著影响牧民对干旱的认知.在典型草原区,牧民对干旱的应对措施较清晰,主要以购买草料(100.0%)、处理牲畜(80.0%)、走场(33.8%)、圈养牲畜(30.8%)、外出打工(16.9%)共5种措施来减缓干旱的损失.牧民的列联表分析显示出,多种因素影响干旱应对措施:文化程度高的牧民选择走场的几率较高(54.5%);年长户主选择圈养和走场(37.5%);家庭人均收入高的家庭选择租草场、走场来缓解干旱的不利影响(53.3%);草场面积较小的牧民容易圈养(46.7%)和外出打工(33.3%);牲畜头数多的牧民不需要外出打工;认识到干旱的牧民会选择走场的比率高(40.0%).牧民对干旱的认知与应对措施研究将为草原可持续发展理论奠定基础.
For the practical problems originated from the frequent drought in steppe area of northern China,65 herdsmen in Xilihot,a typical steppe area,were randomly chosen to conduct the survey by the questionnaires on the recognition and countermeasures to drought risks in the grassland region. The results were showed as follows：69.2% of the herdsmen realized that the drought could impact their livestocks and livelihood. Education level （correlation coefficients0. 302）,per capita income （correlation coefficients0.404） and per capita number of livestock （correlation coefficient=0. 357） significantly influenced their cognition to drought. According to the survey,five major measures were taken to react to the drought,which were purchasing forages （100.0 %）, selling livestock （80.0%）,shifting to the other pastures （33.8%）,keeping livestock in corrals （30.8%） and doing part-time jobs （16.9%）. Contingency table analysis on the survey data showed that countermeasures to drought were influenced by many factors. The herdsmen who had higher education level tended to shift to other pastures （54.5%）. The elder herdsmen would keep livestock in sheepfolds or shift to the others pastures （37. 5%）. The herdsmen with higher per capita income generally reduced the loss by renting pastures or shifting to the other pastures （53.3%）. The herdsmen who held less grassland tended to keep their livestock in sheepfolds （46. 7%） or do part-time jobs （33.3%）. Meanwhile, the herdsmen who possessed more livestock barely do part-time jobs and those who clearly cognized the drought had a high rate to shift to other pastures （40.0%）. The research on the cognition and countermeasures to drought could provide a theoretical foundation for the establishment of a sustainable development of grassland region. Key words：
出处
《内蒙古大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2015年第4期409-417,共9页
Journal of Inner Mongolia University：Natural Science Edition
基金
国家自然科学基金(31060078)资助项目
关键词
典型草原区
牧民
干旱
认知
干旱应对措施
typical steppe； herdsman ；drought
cognition；countermeasure to drought
