摘要
为探明杉木人工林生态系统在长时间近自然生态恢复条件下的优势种种群特征,应用相邻格子法对福建南平西芹教学林场75年生杉木老龄林群落优势树种种群结构与空间格局进行分析.结果表明:木荷、丝栗栲、刨花楠种群结构呈现反"J"型,属于增长型种群,杉木、细齿柃木种群呈现正"J"型,属于衰退型种群.在种群水平上,杉木呈现均匀分布,木荷、细齿柃木群落呈现聚集分布,刨花楠、丝栗栲呈现随机分布,且聚集程度,细齿柃木>木荷>刨花楠>丝栗栲>杉木.木荷种群大树阶段呈现随机分布,幼苗、幼树、中树均表现聚集分布;刨花楠、丝栗栲种群不同发育阶段均呈现聚集分布;细齿柃木幼苗阶段呈现聚集分布,幼树阶段呈现随机分布,中树阶段呈现均匀分布;且杉木和细齿柃木不同发育阶段的扩散系数随龄级的递增而变大.杉木老龄林正处于向地带性常绿阔叶林演替过程中的一个过渡阶段.综上表明:近自然生态恢复有效丰富了杉木老龄林群落的植被种类,在退化了的杉木人工林生态系统恢复和重建工作中,杉木的混交树种选择应优先考虑竞争力强的乡土树种,如木荷、刨花楠、丝栗栲等.
To detect the population characteristics of dominant species in the Chinese fir ecosystem under long time near-natural restoration, the method of contiguous grid quadrants was applied to conduct comprehensive analysis on the population structure and spatial pattern of the dominant species in a 75 a old-growth Chinese fir community at the Xiqin Teaching Forest of Nanping, Fujian Province. The results showed that the community of Schima superba, Castanopsisfargesii and Machilus pauhoi was generally in an inverse ＂J＂ shape, and the population belonged to growing group. The community of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Eurya nitida was in the ＂J＂ shape, and the population belonged to recessing group. In the population level, S. superba and E. nitida were distributed in a clumped pattern, M. pauhoi and C. fargesii populations in a random pattern, and C. lanceolata in an even pattern. The clump intensity was in an order of E. nitida 〉 S. superba 〉 M. pauhoi 〉 C fargesii 〉 C lanceolata. Among them S. Superba showed a random pattern at age V but a clumped pattern at the other four ages; M. Pauhoi and C fargesii of all ages showed a clumped pattern; E. Nitida showed a clumped pattern at age I and II, a random pattern at age III, but a even distribution patter at age IV. Besides, the diffusion coefficient of E. Nitida and C lanceolata increased with the diameter. The old-growth Chinese fir communities are in a transition phase proceeding to zonal evergreen broad-leaved forest succession. In conclusion, near-natural restoration effectively enriches vegetation types of old-growth Chinese fir communities. S. superba, C fargesii, and M. pauhoi should be given priority in restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystem of Chinese fir plantations.
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第3期540-546,共7页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30872020)
福建省自然科学基金项目(2013J01075)
福建农林大学部级创新平台(PTJH1300201)资助~~
关键词
近自然恢复
杉木老龄林
种群结构
分布格局
演替
near-natural restoration
old-growth Chinese fir community
population structure
spatial pattern
succession
