摘要
党的十八届三中、四中全会明确提出了国家治理体系及能力现代化和全面推进依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家的总目标。"徒法不足以自行",立法、执法、司法主体队伍建设是推进法治的关键要素,法律职业建设成为实现依法治国的关键性要素。推进法治专门队伍正规化、专业化、职业化,完善法律职业准入制度,涉及法律职业制度的各个方面,包括法学教育、法律职业资格准入、法律职业结构等。法律职业养成制度在法治系统中处于基础性环节,法律职业资格准入事关法学教育的走向和法律职业队伍的素养,以司法考试制度为中心,建构法学教育、法律职业资格考试、法律职业身份保障的良性循环关系极为重要。通过系统论的方法,从依法治国、法律职业、法律职业养成之间的关系上着眼,从法律职业的培养、准入,以及法律职业的身份保障等方面进行考察和研究,有助于建设适应中国全面建设小康社会和依法治国需要的法治专门队伍。
The overall goal to modernize national governance will push forward the process of rule of law in the country and the construction of rule of law with socialist characteristics, which has been explicitly raised in the 3rd and 4th plenary sessions of 18th CPC Central Committee. Legislation, law enforcement and the construction of judicial authority are all key elements for rule of law, and so is the improvement of legal profession. The profes-sionalization and normalization of judicial authority and improvement of legal profession admittance is such a comprehensive project that all relative aspects like legal education, legal profession admittance qualification and the structure of legal profession should be taken into consideration. Legal profession cultivation system is the foundation. Legal profession admittance qualification deeply in-fluences the development and trend of legal education and the qualification of judicial authority. It is imperative to construct a virtuous circle among legal education, legal profession examination and the guarantee of legal identity based on bar exam. By applying the research method of Systems Theory, this paper sets the connection among rule by law, legal profession and legal profession cultivation as the starting point, inspects and researches on legal profession culti-vation and admittance as well as the guarantee of legal identity, with a view to contributing to improving the judi-cial authority that meets the need of the construction of a well-being society and rule by law.
