摘要
锡兰瘤蟹蛛（O．Piekard-Cambridge，1884）是一种狩猎型蜘蛛，不仅看起来类似鸟粪，并且也喜欢呆在鸟粪上面，甚至闻起来也与鸟粪相似。本文通过在中国云南省勐仑中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带雨林中野外猎物的调查发现该类蜘蛛的主要捕食对象有双翅目类（89％）、膜翅目类（4．4％）、鳞翅目类（2．3％）昆虫以及蜘蛛（3．2％），其中双翅目潜蝇科蝇类昆虫（69％）为最常见捕食对象，并与在同一生境中鸟粪所吸引到的昆虫和蜘蛛类群及数量很相似。从而说明锡兰瘤蟹蛛这种鸟粪伪装或许能能够帮助他们吸引猎物，特别是蝇类昆虫。
Phrynarachne ceylonica（O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1884）, a sit-and-wait crab spider （Thomisidae）, not only visually resembles a typical bird dropping, but also prefers bird droppings as the substrate to sit on it, and even smells like bird droppings. It is hypothesized that P. ceylonica resembles bird droppings to avoid predation by being misidentified as inedible objects by predators or gain access to prey by being mistaken for innocuous objects by its prey. However, no studies have been conducted to test these two alternative hypotheses. In this study, using field observations of prey types and prey-capture rate, we investigated whether P. ceylonica resembles bird droppings to gain access to prey by being mistaken for innocuous objects by its prey in nature in the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden（XTBG）, Yunnan, China. Results showed that similar to bird droppings, P. ceylonica attracted and captured mainly dipterans, hymenopterans, lepidopterans and spiders, and about 89% of prey captured by bird-dropping crab spiders were dipterans, of which about 69% were flies from the family Agromyzidae. In terms of prey-capture rate, field surveys showed that a mean of 23 flies per hour per spider was captured by spiders during about 1-h daily survey for five days. This study suggests that bird-dropping masquerading may increase foraging success of this ambushing predator by being mistaken for bird droppings by its prey, particularly by flies.
出处
《蛛形学报》
2015年第1期35-40,共6页
Acta Arachnologica Sinica
关键词
鸟粪伪装
锡兰瘤蟹蛛
猎物
蝇
masquerade
bird dropping
Phrynarachne ceylonica
prey
flies
