摘要
非洲企鹅（Spheniscus demersus）是一种濒危海鸟,也是动物园展出的重要物种。上海动物园从日本和荷兰引进非洲企鹅,种群不断扩大,并成为国内种群发展的基础。但对其遗传多样性和结构了解很少,无法开展有效的遗传管理。本研究分析了上海动物园39只非洲企鹅的mtDNA D-loop区430 bp序列,并与已发表的日本种群的数据进行比较。结果表明,该片段存在15个变异位点,占分析位点的3.5%;共定义了10个单倍型,其遗传距离为0.002~0.019。日本种群包含A、B两个mtDNA D-loop单倍型世系,上海种群的10个单倍型均属于A世系,且与日本种群有5个共享单倍型,其遗传多样性水平略低于日本种群。上海种群可以进一步分为3个小的世系,但置信度偏低（54%~87%）。上述结果提示,上海种群相对于日本种群的A世系而言有较好涵盖度,但仍有必要进一步引进建群个体,尤其是含有B世系单倍型的个体。
African penguin（ Spheniscus demersus）is an endangered species exhibited in zoos a- round the world. This species was imported from Japan and Holland respectively to Shanghai Zoo, China for captive breeding and exhibition. The number of birds increased in past decades, but little is known of the genetic structure and diversity of this population. We analyzed the sequence of a 430bp fragment of mtDNA D-loop region of 39 individuals from Shanghai Zoo and compared our results with published data for the Japan population. We identified 15 （3.5%）variable nucleotides on the fragment, making up 10 haplotypes. The genetic distance between haplotypes ranged from 0. 002 to 0. 019. The Japan population contains two mtDNA D-loop lineages A and B. All Shang- hai haplotypes belonged to lineage A. A total of,five haplotypes were shared between the two pop- ulations. Genetic diversity was lower in the Shanghai population than in the Japan population. Phylogenetic analysis showed the Shanghai population could be divided into 3 sublineages, al- though confidence was fairly Iow（54% -87%）. These results suggest that the genetic makeup of the Shanghai population had considerable coverage of lineage A haplotypes of the Japanese popu- lation. Additional introduction is required, particularly for individuals of lineage B haplotypes.
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2015年第2期206-210,共5页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
上海市绿化和市容管理项目(No.F120407)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2013)资助
关键词
非洲企鹅
线粒体DNA
遗传多样性
世系
African penguin
Spheniscus demersus
Mitochondrial DNA
Genetic diversity
Lineage
