摘要
以北京市为例,利用1985、2000和2010年三期土地利用数据,从土地利用变化幅度、土地利用变化速度、土地利用转移方向等方面,揭示了北京市1985—2010年的土地利用变化特征及相关驱动因子。结果表明:11985—2010年,北京市土地利用空间格局发生了较大变化,林地面积有一定程度的增加,耕地面积、水域面积减少较为迅速,建设用地扩张最为明显。21985—2000年,北京市土地利用综合动态度为0.99,土地利用变化速度较为平缓;2000—2010年,北京市土地利用综合动态度为1.64,土地利用类型变化速度呈加速趋势;从单一土地利用动态度来看,林地与建设用地的增加速度不断提升,由1985—2000年间的0.1383%、3.7808%增长到2000—2010年间的0.2078%、4.0088%;耕地、草地、水域面积不断减少,其中水域面积的减少速度最快。3从转移矩阵来看,1985—2000年,74.54%的耕地转化为建设用地,13.30%、11.24%的耕地转化为林地与水域;2000—2010年,耕地依然是各类用地增量的重要来源,建设用地向其他类型用地的转化面积是前一阶段的13.8倍。4从人口增长、经济发展、政府政策等方面研究了土地利用变化的驱动机制。
Land use change is a key component for global change, and it is a significant form of the impact of human activities on physical environment. As the closely link between human and nature, human activities has influenced the evolution of land use from the city, regional, national and even global scale, thus to explore the driving mechanism and spatial-temporal change process of land use has become an important field in the study of global change. Taking Beijing city as an example, based on remote sensing data of 1985, 2000 and 2010 of Beijing and with the technology of GIS, the paper revealed the characteristics of the land use change in the past 25 years and conducts the driving force analysis from the range and rate of land use change, the direction of land use transformation. The results showed that： 1） Big changes have taken place in land use pattern in Beijing from 1985 to 2010. The area of forest increased slightly, while the farmland area and water area decreased more rapidly, and the expansion of construction land was most evident. 2） The integrated dynamic degree of land use in Beijing increased from 0.99 during 1985-2000 to 1.64 during 2000-2010, which indicated the rate of land use change had accelerated. From the single dynamic degree of land use, forest land and construction land increased gradually, the rate was increased from 0.14% and 3.78% to 0.21% and 4.01% respectively, while the area of farmland, grassland and water decreased, but the rate of land use was increased from 0.8342%, 0.2367%, 1.1401% during 1985-2000 to 1.5291%, 0.3767%, 3.4043% during 2000-2010.3） From transition matrix of the land use types, the direction of land use change showed similar characteristics in two periods, the farmland was always an important source that converted to other land types such as construction land, forest land and water area. However, the area of conversion of construction land to other land types was 13.8 times during 2000-2010 than 1985-2000, which showed land consolidation has become the main means to improve the efficiency of land use in recent years. 4） Finally, we find the driving mechanism of land use change in Beijing city can attribute to many factors such as the rapid population growth, economic development, and government policy.
出处
《经济地理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第5期148-154,197,共8页
Economic Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41271132)
国土资源部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201211001)
关键词
土地利用变化
时空特征
驱动机制
北京市
land use change
spatial-temporal characteristic
driving mechanism
Beijing
