摘要
为评估隧道发生火灾时人员疏散安全,有必要准确计算隧道人员疏散时间。传统经验公式法的假设条件过于简单,而现有仿真模拟方法不能准确地模拟人的复杂行为。建立改进的经验公式法,通过随机输入计算参数来模拟隧道人员疏散的动态随机过程,将疏散时间计算分解为多个阶段,并考虑车辆及人员的随机分布、火灾探测及人员反应时间的计算、大客车乘客下车时间、人行速度的随机输入、以及随人流密度变化的横洞门通行能力等,使计算所得疏散时间更贴近实际。与其余方法对比分析表明,采用改进的经验公式法得到的计算结果与传统经验公式计算方法相比,计算精度有较大提高。
In order to assess the safety of people in a tunnel where a fire broke out, evacuation time should be calculated accurately. The traditional empirical formula is oversimplified. The existing simulation program is not capable of simulating the complex human behavior accurately. An improved empirical for- mula was worked out. The method uses random input parameters to simulate the evacuation dynamic sto- chastic process. The evacuation process was divided into a number of stages. Input terms considered are the random distribution of vehicles and personnel, the fire detection and response time, the time of getting off the bus, random pedestrian speed, the capacity of the transverse hole influenced by the density, and so on. It was shown that the calculation results by the improved empirical formula are more accurate than those by the traditional method of empirical formula.
出处
《中国安全科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第2期26-31,共6页
China Safety Science Journal
