摘要
为了研究包头地区冬春季不同有机栽培基质对温室番茄果实品质及产量的影响,以熟羊粪、菇渣、珍珠岩、熟牛粪及蛭石为基质进行组合,处理Ⅰ—Ⅳ分别为腐熟羊粪∶珍珠岩=1∶1(体积比,下同)、腐熟羊粪∶菇渣=1∶1、腐熟羊粪∶菇渣∶珍珠岩=1∶2∶1、腐熟牛粪∶珍珠岩∶蛭石=1∶1∶1,以土壤为对照(CK)。采用常规方法对不同处理组基质的理化特性、果实品质及产量进行测定。结果表明:处理Ⅰ—Ⅳ栽培基质的容重、总孔隙度、有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾含量均高于CK,而EC值和p H值则低于CK,EC值和p H值依次均为CK>处理Ⅰ>处理Ⅳ>处理Ⅱ>处理Ⅲ,其中处理Ⅲ基质营养最丰富,适合温室番茄生长。处理Ⅰ—Ⅳ栽培的番茄可溶性固形物、总糖和番茄红素含量差异均不显著,但均高于CK(P<0.01),其中处理Ⅲ最高。处理Ⅲ的维生素C含量分别比处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、CK提高24.05%、6.71%、28.06%、46.05%,其总酸含量则分别降低7.32%、2.56%、7.32%、17.39%。处理Ⅰ—Ⅳ果实纵径、横径、果形指数、单果质量和平均单株产量均高于CK(P<0.01),处理Ⅲ的平均单株产量和总产量分别比处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、CK增加11.36%、6.19%、9.94%、36.65%和11.36%、6.19%、9.94%、36.65%。4组栽培基质均能改善番茄果实品质,增加产量,其中以腐熟羊粪∶菇渣∶珍珠岩=1∶2∶1的组合为温室番茄栽培的最优组合。
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different organic culture substrates on fruit quality and yield of greenhouse tomato in spring and winter in Baotou. In this study,sheep manure compost,mushroom dregs,perlite,cow manure compost and vermiculite were taken as substrates to mix with different proportions,and were divided into four test groups,including Ⅰ group with the sheep ma-nure compost to perlite ratio of 1∶1,sheep manure compost to mushroom dregs ratio of 1∶1,sheep manure compost to mushroom dregs to perlite ratio of 1∶2∶1,cow manure compost to perlite to vermiculite ratio of 1∶1∶1,the soil was used as CK. Conventional methods were used to determine the physicochemical prop-erty of the different substrates and fruit quality and yield of greenhouse tomato cultured on each substrate. The results showed that unit weight,total porosity,contents of organic matters,total nitrogen, total phos-phorus and rapidly available potassium of the four substrates treatments were all higher than those of CK. The order of the values of EC and pH were CK〉Ⅰ〉Ⅳ〉Ⅱ〉Ⅲ. The contents of soluble solid,total sugar and lycopene of treatment Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly higher than that of CK,especially the treatment Ⅲ,but the difference among the four substrates treatments was not significant. The vitamin C content of treatment Ⅲ was 24 . 05%,6 . 71%,28 . 06% and 46 . 05% higher than that of treatmentⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ and CK respectively. The total acid content of treatment Ⅲ decreased by 7. 32%,2. 56%,7. 32%and 17. 39% compared with treatment Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ and CK respectively. The fruit vertical diameter,trans-verse diameter,fruit shape index, single fruit weight and average yield per plant of the four substrates treatments were all significantly higher than those of CK, and the average yield per plant of treatmentⅢwas 11. 36%,6. 19%,9. 94% and 36. 65% higher than that of treatmentⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅳand CK respectively. In terms of total yield,treatment III was 11. 36%,6. 19%,9. 94% and 36. 65% higher than that of treatmentⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ and CK respectively. In conclusion,the culture substrates of four test groups could improve the fruit quality and promote the yield of tomato. The combination of sheep manure compost,mushroom dregs, perlite with the proportion of 1∶2∶1 was the optimal mixture for greenhouse tomato cultivation.
出处
《河南农业科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第3期108-110,114,共4页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
关键词
基质
理化特性
番茄
果实品质
产量
substrates
physicochemical properties
tomato
fruit quality
yield
