摘要
目的对老年人的听力损失状况进行调查,分析老年人群听力损失的影响因素。方法对300例60岁以上老年人采取老年人听力障碍量表筛查(Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening,HHIE-S)问卷调查,再利用MADSEN ITERA型听力计测量受调查者的听阈值。分析比较年龄、噪声接触史、耳部感染、耳毒性药物使用、心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、肿瘤等8个因素对HHIE-S评分的影响。探讨年龄、性别、收入、文化程度和吸烟饮酒对平均听阈及高频听阈的影响,同时多因素回归分析听力损失的影响因素。结果问卷调查表明在300例受调查者中,存在听力损失的受调查者占33.3%(100/300),其中轻-中度听力损失占56%(56/100),重度占44%(44/100)。罹患糖尿病对于HHIE-S得分(P=0.032)、E分(P=0.035)、S分(P=0.042)具有显著影响,年龄对S分具有显著影响(P=0.023)。单因素分析结果显示:年龄、文化程度及收入程度与平均听阈有关(P<0.05),年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒与高听阈相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示:性别、年龄、饮酒是听力损失的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论老年人听力损失不仅仅与年龄有关,同时也涉及到多种因素,需要进一步研究相关因素的机理及机制,以期提高老年人的生活质量。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of hearing loss among people over 60 years old,and to analyze the factors influencing hearing loss in the elderly. Methods Three hundred people over 60 years old were surveyed by Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening（ HHIE- S）,and MADSEN ITERA audiometer was used to measure their ears＇ hearing threshold. We analyzed 8 factors such as age,history of exposure to noise,ear infections,ototoxic drug use,cardiovascular diseases,diabetes and tumor to investigate their influence on HHIE- S scores. The impact of age,sex,income,educational background,smoking and drinking on the average hearing threshold and high frequency hearing threshold was studied. At the same time,multivariate Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the factors affecting hearing loss. Results Among 300 participants,33. 3%（ 100 /300） were considered with hearing loss according to the HHIE- S scores,of which slight- mild and severe hearing loss accounted for 56%（ 56 /100） and 44%（ 44 /100）,respectively. Diabetes had significant influence on the total HHIE- S score（ P = 0. 032）,E- score（ P = 0. 035） and S- score（ P = 0. 042）. Age was significantly associated with the S- score（ P = 0. 023）. The results of single factor analysis showed that age,educational level and income situation were related to the average hearing threshold（ P 〈0. 05）. Age,sex,smoking and alcohol consumption were correlated with the high frequency hearing threshold（ P 〈0. 05）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that sex,age and alcohol consumption were the influencing factors of hearing loss. Conclusions Hearing loss of elderly people is not only influenced by age,but also influenced by various factors. It is necessary to further study the mechanisms of the factors related to hearing loss so as to improve the quality of life of the elderly.
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2015年第5期573-576,共4页
Practical Preventive Medicine
关键词
听力损失
老年人
听力障碍量表
Hearing loss
Elderly people
Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening
