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索克曼:英国早期自由农身份研究

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摘要 中世纪英国索克曼起源于丹麦征服时期,其祖先至少应该是丹麦征服者的追随者,主要分布在丹麦法区。盎格鲁一萨克逊时期,索克曼从属于塞恩,地位高于刻尔,承担军事义务,后来转变为只承担农业服役。诺曼征服之后,其分化为两类,一种归类于普通法下的自由佃农,另一类是索克曼,维兰和自由农之间的一个中间阶层的土地持有者。后者也有分化,有的只承担货币地租,有的甚至承担劳役地租,但其负担都较当地维兰轻得多。但总体而言,索克曼是受法律保护的自由农。中世纪晚期和近代早期,随着封建制度的解体,索克曼和英国其他农民等级的分别也就不复存在了。
作者 李彦雄
出处 《历史教学问题》 CSSCI 2015年第2期75-78,16,共5页 History Research And Teaching
基金 2011年度国家社会科学基金项目“11至19世纪英国自由农发展演变研究”,批准号:11BSS023的阶段性成果
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参考文献31

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二级参考文献28

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