摘要
我国农业生产的氮肥过量使用对生态环境和农业可持续发展造成了严重威胁。本文利用国家统计数据、相关文献研究成果和农户实地调查数据,分析了我国整体和各省农业生产中氮肥利用效率及其过剩量。研究结果表明:2010年我国农业生产氮肥使用总量为3 992.53万t,农作物吸收的氮肥总量为2 068.01万t,氮肥的总体利用效率为51.8%;全国耕地平均氮肥过剩177.86kg/hm2,其中,华南、华东地区氮肥过剩量最高,分别为350.4kg/hm2和280.9kg/hm2。根据研究结果本文提出了提高我国氮肥利用效率、减少氮肥过量使用的政策建议。
Intensive fertilizer use have played an important role in increasing China food production,howev-er,this also leads to the problem of fertilizer overuse in China,which brings significant threat to China’s environment and agricultural sustainable development .Based on the official statistical data,results from existing studies,and our field survey data,this study analyzes China and regional level’s nitrogen overuse and utilization efficiency 2010.The results show that China’s total nitrogen application in 2010 is 39.93 million tons,including chemical fertilizer used and other nitrogen from human and livestock’s excrement, crop straw,and crop nitrogen fixation.The total nitrogen absorbed by crops in 2010 is 20.68 million tons, so the utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer is 5 1.8 percent.On average,per hectare cultivated land of ni-trogen overuse is 177.86 kg.From a regional perspective,over use of nitrogen in Southern China and Eastern China are among the highest,which is 350.4 kg/hm2 and 280.9 kg/hm2 ,respectively.Based on the results of this study,policy suggestions in improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in China is pro-vided.
出处
《青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
2014年第4期277-283,共7页
Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)
关键词
农业生产
氮肥
利用效率
过剩量
Agricultural production
Nitrogen fertilizer
Utilization efficiency
Overuse
