摘要
为了解河北省奶牛舍的建筑结构及其配套设施,选择不同地区（冀北山区、平原地区和沿海地区）112个奶牛场（小区）,对奶牛舍建筑形式、屋顶结构以及卧栏、降温设施、清粪设施等配套设施进行调查。结果表明：冀北山区以有窗舍为主,但仍有少量牛舍冬季比较寒冷;平原地区以棚舍为主,屋顶结构多以双坡式为主,但冀北山区双坡屋顶无通风结构;屋顶建材以复合保温板居多,但冀北和平原地区仍有11%-13%的牛舍采用单彩钢结构。近几年牛舍内设置卧栏有增加趋势,2000—2010年和2011—2013年建场的带卧栏牛舍分别占50%和83%。平原和沿海地区降温设施主要有湿帘冷风机、风扇和喷淋设施,但仍有18%的牛舍没有任何降温设施。清粪设施以铲车清粪为主,刮板清粪虽有上升趋势,但只占15%。该结果说明,部分奶牛舍比较简陋,冬季保温和夏季防暑难以保证。该调查可为现有奶牛舍的改造以及新舍的设计提供借鉴。
The objective of this study was to investigate the architecture and mating furniture of dairy cattle housing in different regions of Hebei province. Total 112 dairy farms were used to evaluate architectural styles of cattle housing,roof structure and mating furniture including cubicle bed, cooling furniture, manure cleaning systems and so on. Cattle housing styles in northern mountainous region were mostly closed-housing with windows, however, a small amount of cattle housing was still chill in winter, and cattle housing in plain regions were mostly shed. Double-pitch roof was mostly used in investigated housing, however, double-pitch roof in northern mountain region had not ventilation facility. The architectural material of roof was mostly compounding structure keeping warm, however, color plate was still used in 11%-13% of cattle housing. Usage of indoor cubicle showed an increasing trend, with 50% and 83% of cattle housing built in 2000—2010 and 2011—2013, respectively. Cooling furniture in plain and coastal regions were mainly air cooling machine, fan and spray cooling machine, however, 18% of cattle housing were short of cooling furniture. For manure cleaning furniture, fork-lift truck was mostly used and electric manure scraper was also used in15% of cattle housing. The results showed that there were some problems on preventing cold in winter and hotness in summer and provide some important information for transformation of old housing and building of new housing.
出处
《中国畜牧杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2014年第22期29-34,共6页
Chinese Journal of Animal Science
基金
河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛产业创新团队建设专项资金
承德市科技支撑计划项目(20141309)
关键词
奶牛
建筑
设施
环境
dairy cow
architecture
furniture
environment
