摘要
文章研究了克劳修斯等式的证明方式.发现一些主流热学教材中的做法是用若干个完整的卡诺循环去分解任意循环,认为相邻的两个卡诺循环之间的重叠部分在两次循环中抵消.利用简化的分解图证明了这种分解是有问题的,其结果是工质无法在两个相邻的卡诺循环之间过渡.指出两个卡诺循环之间的重叠部分根本未曾被经历,并无"抵消"之说.正确的做法是用若干个卡诺循环"局部"去对任意循环进行分解,工质先依次经历各个"局部"的高温部分,再按相反的顺序经历其低温部分.基于这种分解,重新证明了克劳修斯等式.
The article analyzes the proof of Clausius equality, and finds that an arbitrary cycle is decomposed with several complete Carnot cycles in some mainstream thermology textbooks, in which the overlapping part between the two adjacent Carnot cycles are thought to offset each other. This kind of decomposition is proved wrong with a simple figure, in which the working substance cannot transit between two adjacent Carnot cycles. It is pointed that the overlapping parts between two Carnot cycles just do not be experienced, so there is no ＂offset＂ argument. The correct approach is to use several segments of Carnot cycles （called Carnot segments） to decompose the arbitrary cycle. The working substance experiences the high temperature parts of the Carnot segments sequentially, and then experiences the low temperature parts in the opposite order. The Clausius equality is proved based on this kind of decomposition.
出处
《物理与工程》
2014年第5期64-65,共2页
Physics and Engineering
