摘要
采用低压微润灌和滴灌进行西瓜灌溉对比试验,分析不同断面不同土层土壤水分分布特征及灌水均匀性。研究表明：滴灌土壤水分在垂直方向上分层明显,灌后土壤水分主要集中在0-40cm土层,水平方向上土壤含水率随着离滴头距离的增大逐渐降低;微润灌土壤水分在垂直方向上微润带下层土壤含水率大于上层土壤含水率;微润灌呈立体供水状态,微润带左右土壤水分分布特征相似,灌水均匀度较高;微润灌表层土壤形成干土层,起到覆膜作用,减少了表层土壤蒸发,提高了灌溉水利用系数;生育期内,微润灌短时间内各个土层土壤水分动态变化较小,减小了灌溉工作强度;微润灌0-30cm土层土壤含水率变异系数较小;表层土壤含水率变异系数微润灌及滴灌均较大;微润灌土壤主要湿润区在5-30cm土层,土壤水分在5cm和30cm土层相对均匀;滴灌土壤主要湿润区在0-50cm土层,土壤水分在10-40cm土层相对均匀。
The watermelon irrigation comparative experiment between moisture irrigation and drip-irrigation is conducted to analyze the soil water distribution characteristic and the irrigation uniformity in different sections and soil layers. The results show that under drip irrigation, the soil water stratified obviously in the vertical direction, the soil water is mainly concentrated in the 0 to 40 cm soil layer after irrigation, and the horizontal soil water content gradually reduces with the increase of distance away from the dripper; while under moisture irrigation, in the vertical direction, the soil water content of the layer under the moisture pipe is larger than that of the above layer, the water-supply of moisture irrigation is stereoscopic, the soil water content in the left side of moisture pipe is similar to that in the right side, and the irrigation uniformity is higher; under moisture irrigation, the surface soil layer forms the dry layer as film mulching to decrease the evaporation and enhance the irrigation water use efficiency ; during the growth period, the soil moisture dynamic variation of moisture irrigation is smaller in a short time, which lightens the work intensity; the soil water content variance coefficient of moisture irrigation in 0-30 cm soil layer is smaller; both the surface soil water content variance coefficients of micro-irrigation and drip-irrigation are larger; the main wetting pattern of moisture irrigation is in the 5-30 cm depth soil layer, and the soil water content is uniform in that area; the main wetting pattern of drip irrigation is in the 0-50 cm depth soil layer, and the soil water content is uniform in the 10-40 cm depth.
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2014年第9期9-12,共4页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31060084
51169023)
水利部公益性行业项目(201101050)
新疆墨玉县科技三项经费项目(2012032013120A10)
关键词
低压微润灌
滴灌
水分分布
变异系数
low-pressure micro-irrigation
drip irrigation
soil water distribution
variable coefficient
