摘要
湖相碳酸盐岩在中国古生代、中—新生代陆相沉积盆地中广泛发育,油气勘探证实具生油和储油能力,自1956年在四川盆地获得发现以来,至2012年底,已在四川、渤海湾、柴达木等盆地探明湖相碳酸盐岩油气田63个,探明石油地质储量5.97×108t。中国陆上湖相碳酸盐岩的形成和分布受控于构造背景、气候、物源供给和海侵等多方面因素,主要发育生物礁型和复杂岩性型两类湖相碳酸盐岩,除分布局限的生物礁外,储层物性总体较差,为典型的致密油储层。湖相碳酸盐岩储层多与烃源岩互层或共生发育,具备较好的成藏条件,油气富集高产受沉积相、裂缝发育和构造位置等多因素控制,甜点预测难度大。中国陆上以湖相碳酸盐岩为主要储层的致密油分布范围广、资源潜力大,评价认为分布面积在10×104km2以上,地质资源量在57×108t以上,具有良好的勘探开发前景。
Lacustrine carbonate rock is widely developed in the Paleozoic and Meso-Cenozoic continental sedimentary basins in China. Oil and gas exploration has confirmed lacustrine carbonate rock is hydrocarbon source rock and reservoir rock. By the end of 2012, a total of 63 oil and gas fields of lacustrine carbonate rock have been proven in Sichuan Basin, Bohai Bay Basin and Qaidam Basin since the discovery was made in Sichuan Basin in 1956. The proven oil in place reached 5.97×10^8t. Development and distribution of China＇s onshore lacustrine carbonate rock is controlled by a number of factors, such as structural background, paleo-climate, sedimentary source recharge and marine invasion, with development of two main types of lacustrine carbonate rock - reef and complex lithology. Generally speaking, the petrophysical properties of reservoirs are poor, except for reef reservoirs. They are typical compact oil reservoirs. Reservoirs of lacustrine carbonate rock are often interbedded with hydrocarbon source rock and have good conditions for hydrocarbon accumulations. Hydrocarbon abundance is controlled by sedimentary facies, fracture development and structural location. It is difficult to predict the sweet spot. Compact oil reservoirs mainly composed of lacustrine carbonate rock are extensive distributed in China with a great potential for resources. Assessment indicates that the distributed area exceeds 10×10^4km while the amount of geological resources is 57×10^8t, showing a promising prospect for exploration and development.
出处
《中国石油勘探》
CAS
2014年第4期11-17,共7页
China Petroleum Exploration
基金
国家科技重大专项"我国油气资源分布富集规律与大油气田勘探方向"(2011ZX05043-001)
中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大专项"中国石油致密油成藏条件与关键配套技术攻关"(101013kt1009)
关键词
湖相碳酸盐岩
地质特征
控制因素
致密油
资源潜力
lacustrine carbonate rock, geological characteristics, controlling factors, compact oil, potential for resources
