摘要
利用凋落物收集器法,对海南岛不同森林类型凋落物的产量及其组成、季节动态、影响因素进行了比较研究。结果表明:1)不同森林类型的凋落物的年凋落量及其组成不同。其中,年凋落量大小依次为山麓灌木林(6.227 t·hm-2)>季雨矮林(5.636 t·hm-2)>南亚松林(5.403 t·hm-2)>高山云雾林(5.305 t·hm-2)>山地雨林(3.753 t·hm-2),总体表现为沿海森林比中部山区森林的凋落物量大,这可能是受台风影响的结果;叶凋落量以南亚松林所占比例最高(72.26%),枝凋落量以高山云雾林所占比例最大(30.42%),繁殖器官凋落量以山麓灌木林所占比例最大(17.18%);2)不同森林类型凋落物量的季节动态不同。山麓灌木林和季雨矮林年凋落量季节动态呈双峰型,春季和秋季为凋落高峰期;山麓灌木林的叶凋落量季节动态呈双峰型,季雨矮林则仅在秋季落叶多,为单峰型;枝凋落量季节动态除山地雨林有两个高峰外,其他均呈单峰型;繁殖器官凋落量季节动态除山麓灌木林呈双峰型外,其他均呈单峰型。3)山麓灌木林凋落物年凋落量及其组分与林分特征之间无显著相关性;季雨矮林叶凋落量与林分密度显著正相关(P<0.05),年凋落量与林分密度显著正相关(P<0.05)。在铜鼓岭同一森林类型中,凋落物的年凋落量及其组分与微地形没有明显关系。
Litter trap was used to collect litters in different types of forests in Hainan Island for one year starting from November 2012 to December 2013 to analyse and compare the litter production,composition and seasonal dynamics as well as its influencing factors.The annual litter production and composition were found different in different types of forests,and the annual litter production decreased in the order of the shrubbery （5.305 t · hm-2） ＞ Monsoon elfin forest（5.636 t · hm-2） ＞ Pinus latteri forest（5.403 t · hm-2） ＞ Montane cloud forest （5.305 t · hm-2） ＞ Montane rainforest （3.753 · hm-2）.The coastal forests had higher annual litter production than the forests in the central mountainous areas,which might be the result of Typhoon.The Pinus latteri forest had the highest proportion of leaf litter（72.26％）,the Montane cloud forest had the highest proportion of branch litter（30.42％）,and the shrubbery had the highest proportion of fruit litter（17.18％）.The seasonal dynamics of the litter production were different in different types of forests.A bimodal curve described the seasonal dynamic of the annual litter production in the shrubbery and monsoon elfin forest,and the peaks occurred in spring and autumn; the leaf litter production has a bimodal seasonal curve in the shrubbery,but has a unimodal seasonal curve in the monsoon elfin since it exhibited a single peak only in autumn.The branch litter production exhibited a unimodal seasonal curve in all types of forests except in the montane rainforest where the branch litter production had a seasonal bimodal seasonal curve.The fruit litter showed a unimodal seasonal curve in all the types of forests except in the shrubbery where the fruit litter production had a bimodal seasonal curve.The annual litter production and its composition were not significantly correlated with the stand characteristics in the shrubbery,and the leaf litter production and the annual litter production exhibited a significant correlation （P ＜ 0.05） with the stand density in the monsoon elfin forest.The annual litter production and its composition failed to show significant relationship with the terrain factor in the same types of forests in Tongguling mountain.
出处
《热带生物学报》
2014年第2期153-161,共9页
Journal of Tropical Biology
基金
973计划前期研究专项"海南沿海森林植被变化对岛屿海岸带生态安全影响研究"(2010CB134512)
中医药行业科研专项"海南省代表性区域中药资源保护利用"(201207002-03)
国家环境保护部建设项目"铜鼓岭国家级自然保护区固定样地建设与监测"
海南岛铜鼓岭自然保护区热带季雨矮林群落结构及其组配规律研究(Hjkj2013-07)
国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC18B04-3-1)
关键词
森林凋落物
年凋落量
凋落物组成
季节动态
影响因素
forest litter
annual litter production
litter composition
seasonal dynamics
influencing factors
