摘要
作者论述近 1 50年来中国科学技术发展的历史进程。文章以科学技术的建制化为主要线索 ,首先介绍近代科学在中国的传播 ,以下依次论述了中国近现代科学教育和科研体制的建立、新中国计划科研体制的形成及其利弊、近 2 0年来科研体制的改革探索、近年来实施科教兴国战略和建立国家创新体系的历史必然性和发展趋势 ,最后作者展望了 2 1世纪中国科学的发展前景。作者认为 ,1 50年来中国科学技术的进步是巨大的 ,但在全人类共同创建的2 0世纪的科学大厦中 ,中国贡献的份额还很少。从 2 0世纪初年的“科学救国”、“实业救国”,到 50年代的“赶超英美”,历经 60年代中叶和 70年代中叶的“十年动乱”,迎来了 70年代末和 80年代初中国科学的“第二个春天”,再到 2 0世纪末叶的“科教兴国”,建设国家创新体系 ,中国的科学发展走过了一段非同寻常的曲折路程。1 0 0多年来 ,中国科学技术的发展受到了中国社会变革的深刻影响。在 2 1世纪 ,创造一个有利于科学发展和技术创新的社会机制和提高创新能力仍然是中国科技发展的关键。
The author discusses the course of history of the development of Chinese science and technology in the last 150 years.Taking organizational systemization as the main thread,this paper first briefs the propagation of modern science in China,then deals with the establishment of China's modern and contemporary science and education and scientific research system,the formation of new China's planned scientific research system and its advantages and disadvantages,the reform and exploration of scientific research system in the last 20 years and the historical necessity and development trend of the implementation of the strategy to rejuvenate the nation by science and education and set up a national innovation system, and ends with a forecast of the development of Chinese science in the 21st century. In the opinion of the author,the progress of China's science and technology in the past 150 years has been tremendous, but in the great mansion of science erected by all mankind in the 20th century,the portion contributed by China remains to be quite insignificant. From“Saving the country by science”and “Saving the country by industry”in the first years of the 20th century to “Catching up with and surpassing Britain and the United States”in the 1950s, and going through“The Ten Chaotic Years”from 1966 to 1976,“the Second Spring”for Chinese science was ushered in during the late 1970s and the early 1980s, and again to “Rejuvenating the nation by science and education” and building up a national innovation system in the closing period of the 20th century,the development of science in China has passed through an unusually tortuous road. For more than 100 years, the development of China's science and technology was deeply influenced by the change of the Chinese society. In the 21st century, the creation of a social mechanism beneficial to the development of science and the innovation of technology is still of crucial importance for the development of science and technology in China.
出处
《自然科学史研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第3期193-209,共17页
Studies in The History of Natural Sciences
关键词
中国
近现代科学
发展
洋务运动
科教兴国
science,modern and contemporary times, development, prospect, China
