摘要
用无土栽培方法,在太湖大水面种植39种高等陆生植物,所试植物都能生长、开花和结果。0.07ha黑麦草(Lolium perenne)地上部鲜重2710kg,0.13ha蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica)地上部鲜重12700kg,两种植物都超过了大田生产水平。另有黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)、丝瓜(Luffa cylindrica)、草莓(Fragaria ananassa)、大豆(Glycine max)、西洋菜(Nasturtium officinale)等10种植物的长势与大田一样,实验获得成功。采用两种栽培方式:一种是浮框式,由硬质聚苯乙烯膨体塑料、竹条及塑料薄膜构成盆钵形;另一种是丙烯袋式,袋内装前述塑料的球状物或它的粉碎物后封口。将植物苗种植在两种浮体上,漂于水面。丙烯袋上氮肥吸收率达77%以上,肥料流失少,对水质影响不显著。
Thirty nine different kinds of the higher terrestrial plants were experimentally grown on large area of water borne soilless culture in Tai Lake. All tested plants could grow, flower and fruit themselves. Lolium perenne and Ipomoea aquatica have given a good harvest, the yield of fresh shoot of the former was 2710kg in 0.07 ha, the latter was 6350 kg which were 50 percent more than the yield obtained from those cultured on land. Besides, the other 10 different kinds of the plants, as Cucumis sativus, Luffa cylindrica, Fragaria ananassa, Glycine max etc. grew as well as those cultivated conventionally. There were two methods of the soilless culture we used. One was the use of polypropyrene sacks filled with balls of the rigid expanded polystyrene or its broken pieces. The other was the floating frame which was made of the rigid expanded polystyrene, bamboo twig and plastic sheet, looking like a pot. Both the polypropyrene sacks and floating frames were linked together and floated on the lake, in which the young plants were grown. The utilization efficiency of the fertilizer Co(NH_2)_2+KCl+Ca(H_2PO_4)_2.H_2O of above methods was high, about 70% of fertilizers were used by the plants. The experiment of soilless culture on large water surface of Tai Lake has given successive results in growth of terrestrial plants.
