摘要
水稻是中国最主要的粮食作物之一 ,其产量约占粮食作物总产量的 4 0 % ;在全国约 1 1× 10 8hm2 的粮食作物总面积中 ,稻田面积约占 2 8%。 2 0世纪 80年代以来 ,水稻产区的水资源短缺已成为当地农业生产中的重要问题 ,各地试验、开发、应用与推广了许多种水稻节水灌溉模式。文章根据这些新的水稻灌溉模式试验结果与推广经验 ,将我国水稻节水灌溉主要模式归纳为浅、湿、晒结合 ,间歇淹水 ,半旱栽培和蓄雨型等 4类。阐述了这些模式的田间水分控制标准以及节水、增产和提高水分生产率的潜力 ;提出了该 4类模式的选择原则以及应用这些模式时应注意的问题 ;分析、讨论了推广这些模式能够持续节水与提高水分生产率的机理以及对环境的影响。
Rice is one of the most important food crops contributing about 40% of the total food grain production in China. Out of about 110 million hectares of area sown food crops, 28% is covered by rice. Since 1980s, the shortage of water resources has become an important problem for agricultural production in rice planing areas and many water saving regimes for rice have been tested, advanced, applied and spread in different regions of China. In this paper, based on the results of experiment and the experience of spread of these new irrigation regimes, the following four main kinds of water saving irrigation regimes in China have been classified viz.(1) combining shallow water depth with “wetting” and “dry” (SWD),(2) alternate wetting and drying (AWD),(3) semi dry cultivation (SDC) and (4) rainwater storage (RS). The standards of field water control and potential of saving water, increasing rice yield and water productivity of these regimes are introduced and explained. The selection and attention points of application for the four regimes are presented and the causes of sustainable saving water and increase in water productivity and the environmental impacts by adopting these regimes are analyzed and discussed. [
出处
《中国工程科学》
2002年第7期8-16,共9页
Strategic Study of CAE
关键词
水稻
节水灌溉
环境
灌溉模式
节水潜力
rice
water saving irrigation
irrigation regime
potential of water\|saving
enviromental impact
