摘要
研究了早稻抽穗结实期开花、乳熟和蜡熟三阶段弱光照和高温对结实和干物质生产及分配的影响。结果表明:①各阶段的光强下降到70％的自然光强时,不会显著影响单穗籽粒产量;但光强下降至50％时,则会使空粒增加(开花阶段)或秕粒和空粒增加(乳熟阶段)或秕粒增加(蜡熟阶段),导致结实率下降而使单穗籽粒产量显著降低,弱光照对千粒重的影响不显著,②各阶段在36℃以上高温时,单穗籽粒产量和结实率均显著下降,除开花阶段外,还有明显降低千粒重的趋势,③光照不足和高温都使单茎干物质积累速率和积累量降低,但光照不足时使干物质在穗中分配比率提高,而高温则相反,另外,抽穗开花阶段光照不足使茎鞘养分运转率下降,乳熟和蜡熟阶段光照不足则使运转率提同,高温除蜡熟阶段使运转率提高外,在抽穗开花和乳熟阶段则均使运转率大大降低。
The influence of temperature and light on fertilization,grain-filling,dry matter production and partitioning of early indica rice in different stages from heading to maturity under pot test condition was studies in 1935,1986 and 1988.The result indicated that,(1)the grain yield of single tiller was not significantly decreased when the light intensity was lowered to 70% of natural light intensity,but it was significantly decreased due to the increase of a)empty grain(in the flowering and heading stage),b)unfilled and empty grain(in the miiky ripeness stage),and c)unfilled grain(in dough stage)that led to the decrease of the ripened grain rate when the light intensity was lowered to 50% of natural light intensity.The low light intensity did not significanfly affect the 1000 grain weight.(2)The grain viele of single tiller and ripened grain rate were both decreased under temperature higher than 36℃,and 1000 grain weight was obviously lowered except in the flowering stage.(3)The rate and quantity of dry matter assimilation were decreased under low light intensity and high temperature on.But the rate of day matter partitoning of the ear was increased under low light intensity,and decreased high under temperature condition.Inaddition,the transfer rate of nutrients in the stem and sheath was lowered under low light intensity condition in the heading and flowering stage,but was increased in the other two stages.High temperature in dough stage increased the rate of transfer,decreased the rate of transfer,in the other two stages.
关键词
水稻
抽穗
结实
生态因子
光照
indica rice
yield
dry matter
light
temperature
