摘要
每年世界上都会发生大量森林火灾。虽然森林火灾对自然环境造成严重破坏 ,但现有的火灾防治措施仍不足以防止火灾发生。山区大的绿化区常常在强干燥空气条件下由于火蔓延的作用而被毁灭。很多案例中 ,尽管消防部门直升飞机和一般飞机被投入使用 ,仍需要花费很长时间来抑制大规模森林火灾。燃烧的木块可以很容易从下风方向的山脊越过山谷 ,并在强风作用下广为散播。因此 ,如何阻止由于燃烧木块而引发的快速火蔓延 ,是非常重要的研究课题。通常 ,当燃烧木块在新的地点点燃当地可燃物的初期 ,火势还是相对微弱的 ,尺寸也很小 ,因此 ,有可能可以在火灾早期借助直升飞机或一般飞机来以水攻火。本文的目标 ,就是研究在燃烧木块到达的下风区利用直升飞机和一般飞机中的水的方法。
Every year many forest fires have occurred in the world. However, fire protection measures of fires are not sufficient yet, although forest fires cause heavy damages to the precious natural environment. A large green area in mountains often disappears due to the spread of fires under such serious weather conditions as strong dried winds. There have been many cases taking long hours to repress large scale forest fires, although helicopters and aircrafts of fire departments are often used. Firebrands can easily jump over valleys in the ridges from leeward ridges of forests and are widely scattered by the strong winds. Therefore, it is very important to examine methods to prevent the rapid fire propagation due to the spread of firebrands. Generally, fires at the early stage just when a firebrand ignites at a new spot are still comparatively weak and small in size. Therefore, it may be possible to attack the fires in a still early stage, by applying water from helicopters and aircrafts. The objective of this study is focused on the method to apply water in the leeward area where firebrands reach, using helicopters and aircrafts and examined are the effective methods to prevent the fire spread due to firebrands from a ridge to a leeward ridge, by laboratory experiments and computer simulation.
出处
《火灾科学》
CSCD
2002年第3期125-131,共7页
Fire Safety Science
