摘要
纳木错地理坐标 3 0°3 0′N～ 3 0°5 6′N ,90°1 6′E～ 91°0 3′E ,面积 1 92 0km2 ,湖面海拔 471 8m ,是世界上海拔最高的大型湖泊。湖中生物多样性资源丰富。鱼类资源仅纳木错裸鲤 (Gymnocyprisnamensis)和异尾高原鳅 (Triplophysastewartii)两种 ,但每年的可持续鱼产量可达 2 0 0 0t左右。湖滨湿地是迁徙水禽的重要停歇地和繁殖地 ,其中黑颈鹤 (Grusnigricollus)为国家一级重点保护动物 ,赤麻鸭 (Tadornaferruginea)和斑头雁(Anserindicus)为自治区二级重点保护动物。在《湿地公约》执行局提出的确定国际重要湿地的 2组 8条标准中 ,纳木错至少符合其中 5个标准 ,从而确立了其作为国际重要湿地的地位。纳木错具有高度的自然性、稀有性、脆弱性和代表性。随着社会经济迅速发展和人口不断增长 ,湖区自然湿地生态系统已经或可能面临的的主要威胁有过牧、旅游、捕鱼和气候变化等 4个方面。纳木错湿地生境保护重点应放在东岸你亚曲 -卓的曲 -日阿曲河口沼泽湿地、扎西多半岛东侧泻湖区、湖心鸟岛和湖西入湖诸河河口沼泽 ;草地保护主要手段有开展宣教活动、完善草、畜承包责任制和建立高效低耗畜牧业生产模式等 ;
With an area of 1 920 km 2 and an altitude of 4 718 m, Namucuo (30°30′N～30°56′N,90°16′E～91°03′E) is the highest large lake in the world. It supports rich biodiversity resources. Two fish species i.e. Gymnocypris namensis and Triplophysa stewartii have been found in the lake, but the estimated sustainable fishery output can reach 2 000 t annually. The lacustrine wetlands provide important staging and breeding habitats for migratory waterfowls. Among them, Black necked Cranes Grus nigricollus are National Grade A Protected Animals and Ruddy Shelducks Tadorna ferruginea and Bar headed Goose Anser indicus are Grade B Protected Animals of Tibet Autonomous Region. Among the total eight criteria of two groups for the identification of wetlands of international importance adopted by the Ramsar Convention Bureau, Namucuo meets at least five criteria of the two groups and thus has confirmed its status of international importance. Namucuo has high levels of its naturalness, rareness, vulnerability and typicality. With the rapid socioeconomic development and continuous population growth, the natural wetland ecosystems in the lake basin have being or will be faced with four major threats i.e. over grazing, tourism, fishing and climate change. Conservation of wetland habitats should focus on estuary marshes of Niyaqu, Zhuodiqu and Ri'aqu Rivers in the eastern bank, lagoon area to the east of Zhaxiduo Peninsula, Bird Islands in the central lake and estuary marshes of rivers in the west banks. Grassland conservation should be based on such approaches as public awareness, perfection of contracting system on grassland and livestock, and development of high efficient and low cost animal husbandry models. In addition, conserving wetlands at the lake basin level and encouraging community involvement are also critical measures of wetland conservation in Namucuo.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第4期29-34,共6页
Resources Science
关键词
纳木错
湿地
评价
保护
合理利用
Namucuo Lake
Wetlands
Assessment
Conservation
Rational use
