摘要
耗散结构理论与其他热力学概念一起,可以解释生态学中的许多现象。生态系统是耗散系统,用耗散结构理论来分析和讨论生态平衡等问题更为合理、准确。等级系统理论是为理解和研究高度复杂系统而发展起来的系统理论。等级系统理论为研究生态系统的行为和特征提供了客观的、适用的概念构架和实践指南,并为生态系统科学的统一性理论的形成开辟了广阔前景。本文拟就耗散结构理论和等级系统理论的主要内容及其在生态学中的应用作一介绍和讨论。
Dissipative structure is a far-from-equilibrium new metastable state in the non-linear re gion of an cpen system, derived from and maintained by constant negentropy flow from the environment. The theory of dissipative structure, with other thermodynamic concepts, may be used to interpret ecological phenomena. Ecosystem is dissipative system and, therefore, it may be more appropriate to analyze and tackle problems such as ecological balance in terms of the theory of dissipative structure. Hierarchy theory has been developed to dea' with complex systems. The theory asserts that the organization of a system lies in the differences among its process rates. Ecological systems are medium-number, hierarchical systems. The theory of dissipative structure and the stratified stability hypothesis lay the foundation for the development of hierarchical structure of ecological systems. Hierarchy theory provides an objective conceptual framework and a practical guideline for studying the behavior and other characteristics of ecosystems. It is breaking new ground for developing unifying ecological theories. The purpose of the paper is to review and examine dissipative structure and hierarchy theory in the context of ecosystems. The relevance and applicability of the two theories in ecology are also discussed.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
1991年第2期181-186,共6页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
关键词
生态系统
耗散结构
等级系统
Dissipative structure, Stratified stability, Ecological complexity, Mediumnumber systems, Hierarchy, Ecosystem.
