摘要
用改良的Giemsa C-带技术以单株为基础分析了八倍体小黑麦×普通小麦的杂种BC_1,F_(?)和F_(?)代植株的核型。在鉴定了C-带核型的1098株杂种后代植株中,发现了78条小麦-黑麦和277条黑麦-黑麦易位染色体。在不同的世代和株系中,小麦-黑麦染色体易位率变化在4.35—14.07%之间,平均7.10%;黑麦-黑麦染色体易位率在0.48—52.78%之间,平均25.23%。鉴定的小麦-黑麦易位染色体涉及了黑麦的14条不同的染色体臂和小麦的A、B和D组染色体。易位的48.57%发生在小麦和黑麦的部分同源染色体之间,51.43%发生在非部分同源染色体之间。不同的黑麦染色体臂参与易位的频率不同。小麦-黑麦染色体易位主要发生在杂种的早期世代,使用适当的选择技术在F_3获得了纯合的易位植株。文中讨论了快速选育易位系的技术和它们在小麦育种中的应用问题。
The BC1, F2 and F3 populations of three octoploid triticale X common wheat hybrids were cytologically analyzed on a plant-by-plant basis using Giemsa C-banding. Among 1098 karyotyped hybrid plants, 78 wheat/rye and 277 rye/rye translocated chromosomes were found with the translocation rates from 4.35% to 14-07% (mean 7.10%) for wheat/rye and from 0.48% to 52.78% (mean 25.23%) for rye/rye in different generations and populations. The 14 chromosome arms of rye and the A-, B- and D-genome chromosomes of wheat were involved in the wheat/rye translocations. 48.57% of the identified wheat/rye translocations occurred between homoeologous and 51.43% between non-homoeologous chromosomes.Some rye chromosome arms were observed more frequently than the others in translocations. The translocations between wheat and rye chromosomes occurred mainly in the early generations. Some plants containing homozygous translocated chromosomes were obtained from the F3 populations. The study indicated that sufficient numbers of wheat/rye translocations can be produced for wheat breeding with crossing octoploid triticale and common wheat.
关键词
小麦
小黑麦
染色体
易位
C-带技术
Translocations, C-banding technique, Wheat, Triticale
