摘要
文化进化论与文化相对论作为最有代表性的两种文化学理论,二者的对立和冲突对整个文化学理论的发展产生了重要的影响,并贯穿于文化学发展的过程之中。这种对立主要基于三方面的原因:其一,是文化学研究中的意识形态性质;其二,是西方文明基本精神——技术理性与人本主义——之间的对立;其三,是基于一种种族中心主义。文化学理论的未来发展必须超越种族中心主义,将其建立在真正的人类学的基础之上,借助于一种世界文化的意识,才能真正理解并解决文化进化论与文化相对论的矛盾和对立。而本尼迪克特的文化模式理论由于超越了具体的文化学领域而深入到文化哲学的层面,从而为解决这种对立提供了重要的启示。
Two of the most famous doctrines in culture theory are cultural evolutionism and cultural relativity. The antagonism between them has greatly affected and passed through the development of whole culture theory. The antagonism comes from three causes: (l)the ideological character in the approach to culture theory; (2)the antagonism in fundamental spirits of western civilization, i.e. technological rationality and humanism; (3) an ethnic centerism. The future development of culture theory must go beyond the ethnic centerism. We must take a true philosophical anthropology as its base, having the aid of an idea of world culture, so that we will understand and resolve the antagonism between cultural evolution and cultural relativity. Benedict's theory of culture pattern give us an important enlightenment, for going beyond concrete field of culture theory and going deep into the level of cultural philosophy.
出处
《哈尔滨学院学报》
2002年第5期30-36,共7页
Journal of Harbin University
