摘要
通过野外实地观测 ,对煤矸石山 9年生刺槐林分 (株行距 1 .5 m× 2 .0 m)的生长规律、生产力水平和生态效应及其制约因素进行了研究。结果表明 :林分树高、胸径和材积具有不同的生长节律 ,树高的速生期出现最早 ,生长高峰出现在 1年生 (年生长量 1 .6 5 m) ,以后逐渐下降 ;胸径速生期出现在 2～ 4年生 (年生长量 0 .6～ 1 .0 cm) ,4年生以后便明显下降 ;材积速生期出现在 3～ 6年生 (单株材积年生长量 0 .0 0 1 m3以上 ) ,7年生以后明显下降。林分胸高直径分布的顶峰极度偏左 (偏度 SK达 0 .5 889) ,细小林木个体数量偏多 ,林分密度偏大 ,应进行间伐调整。刺槐林分具有明显减小煤矸石山渗透速率、提高持水、供水能力的作用 ,林地植树带初始入渗率为 7.4 1 mm· min- 1,稳渗率为 1 .75 mm· min- 1;而对照坡面初始入渗率高达 1 3.0 3mm· min- 1,稳渗率为 2 .1 8mm· min- 1。林分能防止矸石山酸化、增加矸石山全 N量并促进 N素的有效化 ,刺槐林地的 p H值为 7.6 8,比裸露矸石山 ( p H5 .4 7)高出 34 .7% ;林地有机质含量为 2 6 .1 2 % ,比裸露矸石山( 1 9.2 0 % )高出 36 % ;全 N量和速效 N量分别为 0 .33%和 5 2 .95 mg·kg- 1,分别比裸露矸石山高出 4 3.5 %和 2 0 .8%。
This paper studied the growth, stand productivity, ecological effects of nine-years-old Black Locust and their limiting factors in Wangzhuan coal waste pile. The results showed that the tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and timber volume had different growth rhythm: tree height had the earliest fast-growing period, which was in the first year (growth rate is 1.65m per year), the fast-growing period of DBH was in the second and fourth years (growth rate is 0.6～1.0cm per year); the fast-growing period of timber production was in the third to sixth years (growth rate is above 0.001m 3 per year) and significantly reduced after 7 years. The peak of DBH (average value is 5.27cm) distribution curve leans to left tremendously (SK is 0.5889). There were many small trees and their stand density was over dense. So it should be adjusted by thin-cutting. Since successful revegetation of the pile, properties of the “soil” in the pile such as infiltration and water-holding capacity were improved, i.e., slowing down infiltration rate and increasing water-holding capacity. The initial infiltration rate of planting strip was 7.41mm·min -1 and the steady infiltration rate was 1.75mm·min -1 ; while the initial infiltration rate of control plots was 13.03mm·min -1 and the steady infiltration rate was 2.18mm·min -1 . The good stand productivity of locust woodland in the pile could also prevent acidification of coal waste piles and increase the quantity of total N and plant-available N. The pH of Locust woodland in the pile (7.68) was higher than that of the bare parts (5.47). The organic matter of the revegetated areas (26.12%) was 36% higher than that of bare areas (19.20%). Total N and available N content in Locust woodland (0.33% and 52.95 mg·kg -1 ) was 43.5% and 20.8% higher than that of bare areas respectively.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第5期621-628,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 4 0 0 71 0 4 5
4 970 1 0 1 0 )
潞安矿务局王庄矿项目
教育部跨世纪优秀人才计划资助项目
