摘要
瑞典的四大湖泊,维纳恩湖、韦特恩湖、梅拉伦湖和哈马伦湖,都属于构造成因,具有多种方向的断层裂缝,极大地影响着湖泊底部的地形特征与次级湖盆的形成。这四大湖泊都多次受到冰川活动的影响,其中最近一次冰川活动大约在10000年前开始从瑞典中部退缩。同时,这四大湖泊之间还存在着许多明显的差异,主要表现在湖泊的形状、大小以及流域面积和湖体大小之间的关系等方面。本文主要讨论这些湖泊中与水生生物有关的一些过程,包括水量平衡、滞水时间、水温、各大湖次级湖盆之间的水交换及其内部水流运动等。并以维纳恩湖为例,讨论了污染、水交换和养分保持之间的联系。
The four largest Swedish lakes Vanern, Vattern, Malaren and Hjalmaren all have a tectonic origin with multidirectional fault fissures, which influence the topography of the bottoms and the creation of subbasins. All the four lakes have been subject to several glacials, the latest of which started to recede from central Sweden c. 10000 years ago. The many differences between the four lakes can be explained by their shapes, sizes and the relation between the sizes of the drainage basins and the size of the lakes. This paper focuses on processes considered relevant to aquatic organisms of the lakes: water balance, water residence time, water temperature, water exchange between subbasins within the lakes, and other internal water movements. Links between pollution, water exchange and reten-tion of nutrients are discussed with an example from Lake Vanern.
