摘要
在1965、1983、1994和2000年4个时期调查数据的基础上，对北京东灵山区亚高山草甸物种多样性变化和生活型谱进行了对比研究，结果显示，近年来东灵山亚高山草甸的物种多样性呈下降趋势，尤其是1983－1994年的下降速度明显加快。利用重要值作为权重参数对不同时期的东灵山亚高山草甸生活型谱进行了比较，所得到的结果反映了20世纪80年代以来，伴随旅游发展而迅速增加的马匹散牧已经对亚高山草甸的群落外貌造成了严重的不良影响：群落高度降低、物种组成改变及植被盖度下降等，说明过度放牧是东灵山亚高山草甸退化的重要影响因素。根据东灵山风景区亚高山草甸目前存在的问题，我们建议当地有关部门科学地确定东灵山风景区旅游容量，首先要严格限制风景区马匹的散牧，关闭风景区内的跑马场和牧马帐篷，并通过加强宣传、管理和景区的基本建设，充分发挥生态系统的服务功能，实现在保护生态环境的前提下实现资源的持续利用。
Data were collected in l965, 1983, 1994 and 2000 to monitor changes in species diversityand life form spectrum of the subalpine meadow in Dongling mountainous area in the western part of Bei-jing municipality. The results show that diversity has been declining from 1965 to the present, and therate of decline has become much higher since the 1980s. Use of importance values (IV) to describe lifeform spectra demonstrates that the life form spectra of the meadow communities has changed greatly since1983, showing the side effects of the tourism on the appearances of the meadow. Specifically, height ofthe meadow communities became shorter, species composition changed, and coverage decreased, all instep with a continual increase in horse population that accompanied tourism development during the peri-od from the early 1980s to the present. The results suggest that over-browsing by horses was the maincause of diversity loss and meadow ecosystem degradation. According to the problems existing in the tour-ist spot of Dongling mountainous area, we suggest that the local departments concerned should determinerational Iimits for tourism. In particular, we recommend rigidly restricting horse browsing around themeadow, shutting down the sites for horse racing and the tent for browsing horses in the spot as soon aspossible, and reinforcing awareness-building programs. In general, the area should be managed for theconservation of biodiversity as well as for development, and the service functions of the ecosystem shouldbe emphasized so as to realize the sustainable use of meadow resources in the mountainous area based onprotection of the ecological environment.
出处
《生物多样性》
CAS
CSCD
2002年第2期189-195,共7页
Biodiversity Science
基金
国家自然科学基金重大项目(39893360)
关键词
物种多样性
生活型谱
旅游
放牧
亚高山草甸
北京东灵山区
species diversity，life form spectrum，tourism，browsing，subalpine meadow，Donglingmountainous area
