摘要
农户的农药使用行为与农药残留问题紧密相关。农民专业合作社对农户生产环节的控制通常被视为保障质量安全的有效管理措施,而合作社各管理措施间的相互作用以及人力资源激励措施和组织文化构建措施对农户质量安全生产行为的影响尚不明晰。基于结果控制、过程控制、社会控制的合作社内部管理模式,利用100个合作社312个农户的实证数据分析发现,统一农资供应、生产标准、品牌和组织技术培训对提高农户农药安全间隔期偏离程度效果显著。以过程控制为主,辅以人力资本培养和组织文化构建的社会控制是最高效的管理措施组合。合作社应根据自身管理基础选择不同类型的管理措施和高效的管理措施组合方式,从而提高合作社质量安全实施绩效。
As a major producer and exporter in the international market,China has a significant responsibility to ensure its food quality and safety and improve worldwide nutrition and health of human beings.The residue of pesticides is considered as the most serious sourcing pollution,indicating the necessity to control risks in farming at the beginning of the supply chain.Theoretically,cooperatives have advantages in organizing farmers’production,enforcing internal supervision,and relieving regulatory pressures of the government.Previous studies have focused on the effects of standardization,process management and other direct control measures in qualitative or quantitative ways,but none of them have noticed the interaction effects between different control measures.Besides,the effects of indirect control measures related to human resource incentives and organizational culture construction remain unknown.To fill in this gap,an internal management framework,consisting 11 management measures of outcome-,process-and social-control aspects,is developed in this paper.In this way,not only the single effect of each measure is estimated,but also the optimal combination of management measures can be identified through PCA analysis.Furthermore,by simply using the real value of farmers’Pre-Harvest Interval(PHI)subjects to various crop species and pesticide brands,we use farmers’PHI deviation distance to a standard PHI value to evaluate the performance of farmers’behaviors regarding quality safety.By averaging the PHI value of pesticides for each disease of corps,farmers producing different cultivated crops can be compared.Based on a survey database of 100 cooperatives with 312 households,process-control is proved to be the most effective measure.In specific,pre-production management measure like unified input,on-production management measure like unified production standard,and post-production management measure like unified brand can significantly improve farmers’ PHI deviation.Technical training is the only effective measure in social-control,while outcome-control shows no significant effect on farmers’ behaviors due to immature organizational structure of cooperatives and limited management skills. With regard to combinations of management measures,the optimal combination is made up of unified input,unified production standard,technical training,recording and collaboration.Therefore,cooperatives should adopt proper management measures according to their developing stages,and Chinese government need to attach more attention to providing cooperatives with financial supports and training opportunities for both managers and members.
作者
周洁红
杨之颖
梁巧
Zhou Jiehong;Yang Zhiying;Liang Qiao(China Academy for Rural Development,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期37-50,共14页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(16JJD630007)
国家自然科学基金项目(71773109)
浙江大学文科教师教学科研发展专项项目资助
关键词
合作社
内部管理
质量安全
农药安全间隔期
cooperatives
internal management
quality safety
pre-harvest interval
