摘要
洋刀豆蛋白是一种具有较高营养价值的植物蛋白质 ,但是其中含有的一些抗营养因子 ,如血球凝集素 (ConcanavalinA ,简称ConA)、胰蛋白酶抑制剂等 ,限制了它在人类食用植物蛋白和动物饲料中的应用 ,其中ConA是最主要的抗营养因子 .本文旨在研究洋刀豆植物蛋白中的ConA的灭活方法 .分别利用干热、湿热、酸碱和茶多酚处理法灭活ConA .实验表明 ,在保持洋刀豆蛋白质良好品质的条件下 ,干热处理不能使ConA的活力明显丧失 ;而 95℃、30min ,1 0 0℃、2 0min或 1 0 5℃、1 0min的湿热处理 ,可使ConA的活力完全丧失 ;在pH1 0～ 5 0或pH8 5～ 1 2 5范围内 ,提取洋刀豆蛋白质 ,可使ConA的活力显著丧失 ;洋刀豆蛋白液中茶多酚浓度达到 1 7 5g/L时 ,也可完全灭活ConA的活力 .
Canavalia ensiformis protein has relatively high nutritional value,but the unprocessed Canavalia ensiformis protein contains a number of anti nutritional factors such as hemagglutinin,trypsin inhibitors that limit its used as human food and animal feed.Concanavalin A(ConA)is the main anti nutritional factor.In this paper,the methods of removal of ConA in Canavalia ensiformis protein were studied.Four kinds of inactivation methods,dry heat,moist heat,acid alkali and tea polyphenols treatment were employed under the conditions of keeping the fine qualities of Canavalia ensiformis protein.It indicated that dry heat treatment did not obviously decrease the activities of ConA,moist heat treatment at 95℃,30 min or 100℃,20 min or 105℃,10 min completely inactivate the activities of ConA,the activities of ConA significantly decreased when Canavalia ensiformis protein was extracted by pH1.0～ 5.0 of pH8.5～12.5,and when tea polyphenols concentration reach to 17.5 g/L in the solution of Canavalia ensiformis protein,the activities were completely eliminated.
