摘要
近年来,江苏南部沿海在8～10月份常发生文蛤大批死亡,从病文蛤体内分离到病原菌,经人工感染试验得到证实。病原菌为革兰氏阴性短杆菌,以极生单鞭毛运动,在TCBS琼脂平板上形成黄色大菌落,在固体培养基上能游动。发酵葡萄糖产酸不产气,精氨酸—碱反应阴性,赖氨酸、鸟氨酸脱羧阳性。在无盐蛋白胨水中不能生长,在10％NaCl 蛋白胨水中生长良好。在43℃下能正常繁殖。对弧菌抑制剂0/129(150μg)和新生霉素(5μg)敏感,被鉴定为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus Sakazaki)。病文蛤超薄切片的电镜观察表明,肠上皮及肝组织被细菌侵袭。病原菌在肠上皮细胞质中增生,形成上百个细菌的集群。上皮细胞核变形,被挤向一侧,线粒体内嵴模糊,部分上皮细胞微绒毛的结构被严重破坏,细菌周围的组织被腐蚀成空斑。
An eplzootic of high mortality of the hard clam Meretrix meretrixoccured along the seabeach of the East China Sea, art investigating had been car-ried out during the period of August to October 1988. The diseased clam looked verythin, it could not sink into muddy sand and its shells loosely closed. There was noresidual of food in the digestive tract. The body colour became to light red. Para-sitic copepoda were found in the mantle cavity. Pathogenic bacterium was isolated from the diseased clam. Infection experi-ments ascertained that the bacteria were the cause of the disease.The isolates showedGram-negative short, rods with a single polar flagellum. All strains grew well andformed large yellow colonies on TCBS ager and swarmed strikingly on marine agar.They produced acid but no gas from glucose. Tests for the decarboxylation of lysineand ornithine were positive and arginine negative. They could net grow in peptonewater lacking NaCl but grew well in peptone water containing 10% NaCl. They couldnormally grow at 43℃. The organisms were sensitive to vibriostatic agent 0/129(150 μg) and novobiocin (5μg). Thus the pathogenic bacterium was identified asVibrio alginolyticus. The bacteria grew in 1% peptone water at optimum temperaturesof 20-37C, at optimum NaCl of 1-8% and at optimum pH from 6 to 10 respectively. Electron microscope examinations of the histological ultrathin sections of the diseased clam demonstrated the presence of rod-shaped pathogenic bacteria in af-fected intestinal epithelial cells and liver cells.The pathogen multiplied and formedcolonies in the cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells. Nucleus degenerated and waspushed to the margin of the cells. Microvilli and cytochondriomes in the epithelialcells were destroyed. The digestive tube and liver tissues of the host become necro-sis and histolysis.
出处
《水产学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1991年第2期85-95,共11页
Journal of Fisheries of China
关键词
蛤
文蛤
弧菌病
溶藻弧菌
组织病理
clam
Meretrix meretrix
vibriosis
Vibrio alginolyticus
histopathology
electron microscopic observation
