摘要
对人工林和天然林的生态学和林学特性进行了比较和分析。指出天然林对病虫害的抵抗能力强,能持久地生产木材和发挥多重效益,并与很多物种的生存有密切关系。因人工林多样性低,稳定性差,轮伐期短,集约栽培的工业人工林尽管速生,但对地力消耗大,若没有优越的土地条件和额外的施肥,生产力将不能持久。提出我国应实行人工林和天然林并重的方针,要对大量发展工业人工林可能产生的隐患给予重视,要对已保存不多的原始林实行不改变林相的经营方式,避免将它们大面积地改变为人工林的作法。
An analysis is made of the forest production and research resultsin all contries, and a comparison is made of the ecology and silviculturaltraits of the man-made and natural forests. It is concluded that naturalforest is better than man-made forest in respect of disease and insect resis-tance, maintenance of soil fertility, sustainable timber production, speciespreservation, and environmental protection. The advantages of man-madeforest are timber evenness, short rotation, fast tree growth, and higher ec-onomic returns, but it needs good soil conditions, and must be able to com-pensate for its disadvantage economically. In some cases, man-made forestusually has a shorter regeneration cycle, and can help restore the groundvegetation denuded long ago. Yet low functional diversity is its seriousdefect. Now importance is attached to man-made forest, rather than to na-tural forest. Therefore, a simultaneous development policy is suggested. Invirgin forests selective felling and natural regeneration should be practicedas often as possible, so as to keep landscape, biotic species and genetic di-versity. Secondary forests should be diverted into progressive succession.Common man-made forests should be established in non-stocked forest land,cutover area or burns where natural regeneration cannot meet social demand,or in areas where high quality man-made forest can be well developed asexpected. Relatively, some industrial plantations may be built in areas withgood climate and soils and suitable for intensive forest management. In es-tablishing man-made forests attention should be paid to the combined useof proper tree species.
出处
《世界林业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
1991年第3期50-56,共7页
World Forestry Research
