摘要
采用北京及市郊地区共 1 6个标准国家气候站的 1 96 1～ 2 0 0 0年 40年温度资料对北京及周边地区的城市尺度热岛特征及其演变进行了研究。研究表明 :北京城区与郊区温度是同位相升降 ,且郊区温度一直低于城区。其温差维持并同位向振荡 ,温度逐年升高 ,城区与郊区温差逐年增大 ,表明北京热岛效应一直稳定存在 ,而且北京的热岛效应在随时间加剧。以海淀为代表的北京城区大部热岛效应显著 ,门头沟、石景山、丰台、房山和通县等地是局地升温的显著区域。因此 ,北京具有城市、卫星城市“热岛”多中心的复杂特征。分析热岛效应增强的趋势表明 :世纪末的 1 0年与 80年代的 1 0年相比 ,北京城区与郊区的热岛效应增强趋势显著。特别是以海淀为代表的北京城区大部 ,热岛效应进一步明显增强 ;北京的东南部的局地升温效应加剧 ,通县也是一个明显的升温区域 ,并有一个从河北省伸向北京东南部的“暖脊”。尺度滤波分析表明 ,北京城市热岛效应 1 0年变化的增强区域与城市位置十分吻合。北京城市热岛效应还具有中尺度特征。以海淀为代表的北京城区大部是热岛的主要中心 ,主中心内还有几个更小的高中心嵌套其中 ,分别位于三环路以内的西部和北部。北京城郊热岛效应发展趋势仍是严峻的 。
The characteristics of the urban heat island in Beijing and its surroundings are analyzed by using the 40 year data, 1961 through 2000, from 16 standard climatic stations in the Beijing area. A synchronization of temperature up and down is found in Beijing and its outskirts. The temperature for outskirt area is always less then that in the central part. The characteristics of the heat island exist obviously in the Beijing area, although the temperature difference between Beijing downtown and its outskirts has the synchronized disturbances with time. The increasing trend of temperature is also found. It is shown that effect of the heat island in Beijing is intensifying with time. As a representation of Beijing, the effect of urban heat island at Haidian is very obvious, as well as the Mentougou, Shijingshan, Fengtai, Fangshan and Tongxian counties with the local rising of temperature also. Compared to the 1980s, the temperature increased greatly also in the recent ten years in the southeastern part. The results indicate that the locations of the intensifying heat island areas in the recent 10 years are in well agreement with the development of city construction. Within the main urban heat center of Beijing centered at Haidian, there are several small centers at the western and northern parts within the Sanhuan Road. So it is very important to pay more attention to the effect of the urban heat island due to economic development in such a big city like Beijing in recent years. A mesoscale characteristic of the urban heat island in Beijing is also found by using scale filtration methods.
出处
《应用气象学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第U01期43-50,共8页
Journal of Applied Meteorological Science
基金
<国家重点基础研究发展规划>项目 :首都北京及周边地区大气
水
土环境污染机理与调控原理 (项目编号 :G1 9990 4 5 70 0 )资助
关键词
北京
热岛效应
分布特点
演变趋势
热岛强度
Beijing urban heat island Characteristics of distribution Evolution tendency
