摘要
本文利用671个气象台站的温度资料和大量植被资料,采用吉良的温暖指数(WI)作为温度气候指标,研究了我国湿润地区植被的分布与温度气候的关系。分析15个森林植被类型的分布与WI的关系,发现在这些植被类型中存在四条界线(线A,带B,C和D),它们分别表示寒带与亚寒带,亚寒带与温带,温带与暖温带、暖温带与亚热带热带的分界线,其WI分别为15,50—55,80—90和170—180℃月。利用73种木本植物的温度分布资料进行聚类分析,获得了7个树种组合。分析这7个树种组合的温度分布曲线,发现亚寒带针叶林树种、温带落叶阔叶林树种、暖温带常绿阔叶林树种以及亚热带热带树种的主要分布范围分别为WI值50℃月以下、50—90和90—175℃月。利用一些树种的分布资料,进一步论证了森林上限及亚寒带针叶林的分布与WI间的关系。此外,用大量生态气候学事实,讨论了我国森林植被类型,特别是常绿阔叶林的归属问题,认为常绿阔叶林作为暖温带的植被景观似更合适。最后给出我国生物温度气温带的划分依据,即寒带,WI<15,亚寒带:15—50;温带:50—90;暖温带:90—175;亚热带热带>175℃月。
Relationships between distribution of vegetation and thermal climate under a humid climatic condition were studied using Kira's warmth index (WI) as an indicator and based on temperature records from 671 meteorological stations and vegetation data. Analysing the relationrhips between distribution of 15 forest types and WI, four borders (Line A, Bands B, C and D) were found among these forest types,and corresponded to the borderines between arctic (alpine) and subarctic (subalpine) zones, subarctic and cool-temperate zones, cool-and warm-temperate zones and warm-temperate and subtropical /tropical zones, the WI values of which were 15, 50-55, 80-90 and 170-180℃ month,respectively. Cluster analysis using the WI values of upper and lower limits of the distribution range for 73 tree species gave seven species groups.The thermal distribution curves of these species groups showed that the WI range was 15-50℃ month for subarctic (subalpine) trees, 50-90℃ month for cool-temperate trees,90-175℃ month for warm-temper ate trees and over 175℃month for subtopical/tropical trees. The relationships between the distributions of forest limit and subarctic coniferous trees and WI were examined in detail. The correspondence between the evergreen broadleaf forest zone and thermal climatic zone were also discussed from a viewpoint of ecoclimatology, and it was considered that the evergreen broadleaf forest was the climax of warm-temperate zone and not that of subtropical zone. In con elusion, the thermal climatic zones in China could be divided by following WI values, arctic (alpine) zone, WI<15, subarctic (subalpine) zone, 15 -50, cool-temperate zone, 50-90; warm-temperte zone, subtropical/tropical zone, >175℃ month.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1991年第4期377-387,共11页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
关键词
森林植被
生态
气候学
中国
China, evergreen broadleaf forest,forest type,thermal clima-tic zone, tree species, warmth index (WI).
