摘要
河南嵩县祁雨沟金矿床矿石矿物中,除黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、辉钼矿等硫化物和自然金外,以出现数量少而种类多的 Bi—硫盐、Bi—碲化物矿物为特征。本文论述了这类含 Bi 矿物的矿物学及产状特点,与国内外类似矿床进行了对此探讨。研究认为:Bi—硫盐可作为成矿物质来源于岩浆热液的佐证,并同 Bi—碲化物构成该处爆发角砾岩型金矿床的标型矿物组合,是确立本区金矿床 Bi 型或Te—Bi 型地球化学类型的标志。这类矿物发育在成矿过程的主成矿期,尤其是在晚期成矿阶段,并主要产在金矿化富集地段,因而是找矿、探矿的重要标志。
This paper deals with only one topic of our researching wortk on the“Explosive—Collapsed Breccia Typed Gold Ore Deposits of Qiyugou Area”.The ore field located in the southern margional area of North China platform.The gold mineralization was geneticlly related to the evolution of calc—alkaline magma at the time of Middle—Late yanshan period.The whole ore—forming process underwent vanward—,major—,and late alteration—minera- lization periods,and thus constracted rather clearly defined alter- ation—minera lizat ion zoning.In ores of these deposits,the most prominant ore mineral is merely pyrite,and secondarily are of chalcopyrite,galena,sphalerite,molybdenite as well as native gold, however,the minor minerals are characterized by a variety of Bi— sulfosalts and Bi—tellurides. The Bi—sulfosalts discovered and determined are aikinite,cosa- lite,galenobismutite,lillianite and wittichenite.Besides,there are two undetermined minerals,one may be copper—silver Bi—sulfosalt and the other one may be silver—lead—copper Bi—sulfosalt mineral. The Bi—tellurides discovered and determined are tsumoite,tel- lurobismuthite and joseite. Galenobismutite and tsumoite are the most prominant Bi—bearing minerals,and the later is one discovered for the first time in our country.Moreover,one Bi—telluride mineral tetradymite here discovered had been reported(Luo Zhenkuan,1987). It is concluded from research work that the ore deposits of Qi- yugou area should belong Bi-type or Te-Bi-type gold deposits geoche- mically.The appearance of varied Bi—sulfosalts may be taken as the effective evidence about the magmatic hydrothermal source of ore-fo- rming material,the paragenetic association of both Bi—suifosalts and Bi—tellurides marks the typical mineral association for the gold mineralization.Moreover,these Bi—bearing minerals crystalized out at the major,especially at the late alteration-mineralization periods, and all developed mainly in the rich gold mineralized territory,so that the appearance of these Bi—bearing minerals may be taken as criteria for gold ore exploration,and also gives enligtenment about the gold perspective view of the widely spreading regional breccia bodies.
