摘要
世界每年约生产高分子材料 2× 10 8t,它们中的大部份均要各种稳定剂来防止其老化。大量的有机物 (包括高分子、食用油脂、食品、石油制品和润滑油 )都存在氧化问题。防止这些有机材料氧化方法很多 ,但加入抗氧剂则是当今最有效和最有用的方法。本文介绍了抗氧剂的作用机理、最有效的组合、理想分子量、高分子抗氧剂、反应型抗氧剂、多功能抗氧剂和生物抗氧剂等方面的最近进展。近期抗氧剂发展倾向是无毒抗氧剂代替有毒抗氧剂 ,更注意合成理想分子量的、高分子化的、多功能化和反应型的抗氧剂 ,对生物抗氧剂也将更详细研究。除对抗氧剂在防护高分子热氧化外 ,在润滑油 ,食品工业和医疗保健中的应用也作了讨论。
Over 2×10 8 million tons of polymers are produced worldwide every year, of which a large portion needs various types of stabilizers against degradation for longer service life. Atmospheric oxidation of organic materials including polymer, edible oil, food-stuff, petroleum products and lubricants occurs during their synthesis, production, storage, heat processing and end-use applications. There are many methods to prevent this oxidation, and addition of antioxidants is the most effective and convenient one. In this article we reviewed the recent study advances on acting mechanism of antioxidants, the most effective antioxidant system, optimal molecular weight M W, polymeric antioxidant, polymeric bound antioxidant, multifunctional antioxidant and bio-antioxidant. Attention is drawn to a conclusion that combination of primary antioxidant and secondary antioxidant is the most effective mode for protecting organic materials against atmospheric oxidation. This mode is not likely to be displaced by any other mode in the near future. Hindered phenol antioxidants will displace aromatic amine antioxidants which are toxic. Trends in antioxidant development are that toxic antioxidants will be displaced by non-toxic ones, and more attention will be paid to synthesis of antioxidant with optimal M W, polymeric antioxidant, polymer bound antioxidant, multifunctional antioxidants and bio-antioxidants. Applications of antioxidants in the thermal processing of polymers, lubricants, food and medicines are also disscussed.
出处
《高分子通报》
CAS
CSCD
2002年第1期57-66,共10页
Polymer Bulletin
关键词
抗氧剂
受阻酚
芳胺
有机物
氧化
高分子
热氧化
作用机理
合成
Antioxidant
Hindered phenol
Aromatic amine
Oxidation of organic compounds
Thermal oxidative stabilisation of polymers
