摘要
三门峡水利枢纽是黄河干流首建的大型工程。1957年动工兴建,1960年9月基本建成蓄水。历史上治黄,仅局限于下游,三门峡工程的修建,使黄河治理开发进入了一个新阶段,是黄河除害兴利有意义的实践。但当时由于对黄河泥沙问题认识有限,对水土保持的速度和效益估计过于乐观,对大量淹没良田、大批迁移人口的影响和困难估计不足,以致水库蓄水后淤积严重,工程被迫进行改建,改变运用方式。改建后工程在“确保西安、确保下游”、“合理防洪、排沙放淤、径流发电”原则指导下,仍然发挥了巨大的综合效益。在运用实践中创造出的“蓄清排浑”调水调沙、保持长期有效库容的运用方式,符合黄河水沙运动规律和特点,是我国水利工作者的一个重大贡献,它丰富和发展了泥沙科学。三门峡工程的实践,为认识黄河、治理黄河,为多沙河流修建和管理工程等积累了宝贵的经验。这里刊登的是1990年9月下旬召开的“黄河三门峡水利枢纽建成三十周年学术讨论会”的部分论文,以飧读者。
Sanmenxia key water control project is the first multi-purpose project built on the trunk of the Yellow River. The construction started in 1957 and completed and stored water in Sept. 1960.
In histry, the harnessing works of the Yellow River were only confined to the lower reaches. The building of Sanmenxia project has made the control and development of the Yellow River entering into a new stage, which is a significant practice of promoting what is beneficial and abolishing what is harmful. After storage, the reservoir was severely silted up. It was forced to be rebuilt and the operational mode changed due to a limited knowledge of the sedimentation problem, too optimistic about the speed and benefits of soil conservation and under-estimate the influence and difficulty of inundation of vast fertile farmlands and large nembers of resettlers. After rebuilding, the project still has played a tremendous role on comprehensive benefits under the guidance of the principles of 'Ensure safety of Xian city and ensure safety of the lower reaches'and' making rational flood control, sediment release, warping and runoff generation 'The operational mode of 'Storing clear water and releasing the muddy' regulating water and sediment and keeping long-term effective storage created in the operational practice is a major contribution of the Chinese water conservancy workers, which conforms to the law and characteristic of water and sediment movement in the Yellow River and has enriched and developed the sedimentology. The practice of Sanmenxia project has accumulated valuable experiences on understanding and harnessing the Yellow River and building projects on a muddy river.
Some papers presented in the 'Symposium of the 30th Anniversary of the Founding of Sanmenxia Key Water Control Project' held in the late of Sept. of 1990 are published here,offering to our reader.
出处
《人民黄河》
CAS
北大核心
1991年第1期4-7,共4页
Yellow River
